Effectiveness of Helmet therapy for infants with moderate to severe positional plagiocephaly

Background: The use of helmet treatment for positional plagiocephaly has increased recently; however, its effect is unknown in Korea. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of helmet therapy and identify its influencing factors Methods: Ninety pediatric patients diagnosed with moderate to severe positional plagiocephaly received helmet therapy. Severity of moderate to severe positional plagiocephaly was defined as cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) > 10 mm or CVA index (CVAI) >6%. Patients were categorized by age, severity, and daily helmet wear. Multiple regression analysis controlled for factors like sex and prematurity. Treatment success was assessed by comparing pre/post-helmet theray CVA and CVAI, considering normalization or decrease to mild plagiocephaly (CVA ≤ 10 mm or CVAI ≤ 6%). Results: A total of 90 participants were enrolled (mean age, 5.6±1.6 months; male, 53 [58.9%]). The mean helmet therapy duration was 6.4±2.7 months, while the mean daily wear time was 18.4±2.7 hours. Among the 90 patients, 66 (73.3%) had moderate disease and 24 (26.7%) had severe disease. The mean CVA and CVAI decreased by 6.3±2.7 mm and 4.3±1.8% after versus before treatment ( P <0.001). Treatment was successful in 76 infants (84.4%). The most effective changes in CVA and CVAI were noted in those who began treatment before 9 months of age (6.2±2.5 mm and 5.0±1.9%, P <0.001), had high compliance (6.2±2.4 mm and 4.9±1.9%, P<0.001), and had high severity (8.0±2.3 mm and 6.6±1.7%, P <0.001). Conclusion: Starting helmet treatment before 9 months and wearing it over 15 hours daily yielded better outcomes.