Dynamic Modeling of Cavitation Bubble Clusters: Effects of Evaporation, Condensation, and Bubble-Bubble Interaction

In this article, we present a dynamic model of cavitation bubbles in a cluster that considers the effect of evaporation, condensation, and bubble to bubble interactions. Under different ultrasound conditions, we examine how the dynamics of cavitation bubbles are affected by several factors, such as the location of the bubbles, the ambient radius, and the number of bubbles. This investigation includes analyzing alterations in bubble radius, energy, temperature, pressure, and the quantity of vapor molecules. Our findings reveal that bubble-bubble interactions can restrict the expansion of bubbles, reduce the exchange of energy and vapor molecules, and diminish the maximum internal temperature and pressure upon bursting. The ambient radius of bubbles can influence the intensity of their oscillations, with clusters comprising smaller bubbles creating optimal conditions for generating high-temperature and high-pressure regions. Moreover, an increase in the number of bubbles can further inhibit cavitation activities. The frequency, pressure and waveform of the driving wave also have a significant impact on cavitation activities, with rectangular waves enhancing and triangular waves weakening the cavitation of bubbles in the cluster. These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the dynamics of cavitation bubbles within a bubble cluster, and the factors that affect their behavior.