Recent Technological Advancements in Respiratory Gating Devices

Background: The occurrence of motion in the thoracoabdominal region during radiotherapy treatment is an inherent challenge affecting the accuracy of the radiation beam. To address this challenge, a margin is often incorporated to compensate for the motion, but it has been reported to have several limitations. Consequently, respiratory gating has emerged as an integrated feature within radiotherapy-related machines. This innovative approach is designed to overcome motion-related challenges, leading to a reduction in the required margin and an improvement in the accuracy of the radiation beam. Methods: This study reviews the literature published in English between 2012 to 2021 regarding breathing monitoring devices used in the clinical or research stage. Furthermore, articles published before 2000 were traced to strengthen the theories. Results: Several monitoring devices had been reported to have respiratory gating purposes, but some were not equipped for this function. Furthermore, these devices were often developed using non-contact equipment, such as lasers and cameras, to provide accurate and precise measurements. One of their key advantages is the lack of physical attachment to the patients, thereby preserving comfort. The development of respiratory gating devices had significant potential to enhance the quality of radiotherapy treatment. This was manifested through more effective tumor and organ treatment and reduced toxicity. These benefits had the potential to extend the life expectancy of patients with respiratory-related cancer. Conclusions: Based on the results, respiratory gating was an advantageous technique in radiotherapy treatment. The development of respiratory gating devices enhanced patient comfort and the effectiveness of treatment.