俄罗斯联邦的地方自治:概念发展轨迹

M. Zazulina
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摘要

文章主要论述了近三十年来对地方自治机构的概念理解所发生的变化。2021 年底向俄罗斯联邦国家杜马提交的 "关于在统一的公共权力体系中组织地方自治政府的一般原则 "的联邦法律草案,使我们能够从更加全球化的时间和概念角度来分析后苏联时期俄罗斯地方自治政府机构的发展轨迹。这项工作的目的是确定俄罗斯联邦地方自治概念的发展轨迹。研究的重点是确定官方文件中制定的地方自治概念,以及对这一机构的概念解释的渐进变化。研究表明,对地方自治政府概念理解的主要转变发生在地方自治政府对国家权力机构的机构独立性/机构依赖性轴线上。后苏联时期俄罗斯对地方自治的概念理解是沿着从公共概念(地方自治是一项独立的活动)到国家概念(地方自治是行使权力的一种形式)再到超国家概念(地方自治是行使权力的统一系统中的一个环节)的轨迹发展的。
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Local self-government in the Russian Federation: the trajectory of conceptual development
The article is devoted to the changes in the conceptual understanding of the institution of local self-government that has been taking place in the last three decades. The submission to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the Draft  Federal Law «On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the unified system of public authority», which took place at the end of 2021, allows analyzing the trajectory of the development of the institute of local self-government in post-Soviet Russia from the point of view of a more global time and conceptual perspective. The purpose of this work is to identify the trajectory of the development of the conception of local self-government in RF. Research attention is focused on identifying the conception of local self-government formulated in official documents, a gradual change in the conceptual interpretation of this institution. It is shown that the main shiftin the conceptual understanding of local self-government occurs along the axis of institutional independence / institutional dependence of local self-government on state authorities. The development of the conceptual understanding of local self-government in post-Soviet Russia proceeds along the trajectory from a public concept (local self-government as an independent activity) to a state one (local self-government as a form of exercising power) and to a hyperstate one (local self-government as a link in a unified system of exercising authority).
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