The role of chronic systemic inflammation syndrome in pregnant cows in the development of antenatal liver pathology in newborn calves

Studies have been conducted to study the effect of the cytokine profile of cows with chronic systemic inflammation syndrome in the third trimester of pregnancy on the hematobiochemical  status  of  newborn  calves. The  experiment  was  conducted  on  redmottled  cows,  which  were  divided  into  2 groups: group 1 (n = 15) – clinically healthy cows  with  uncomplicated  pregnancy,  average fatness 3.6 ± 0.16 points, group 2 (n = 7) – cows with lowintensity chronic systemic inflammation  syndrome,  average  fatness 4.4±  0.20  points.  At  the  beginning  of  the third  trimester  of  pregnancy,  blood  serum samples were taken from cows to determine the  level  of  interleukin-1β  (IL-1β),  tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2),  interleukin-4  (IL-4),  interleukin-10  (IL-10) and interferon-γ (INF-γ). On the 3rd day after birth, blood samples were taken from the received calves for analysis. The above cytokines  and  hematobiochemical  parameters  were  determined.  It  was  found  that  in calves from group 2, the level of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ was lower than the comparison group by 10.0; 29.3; 24.5 and 17.4%, respectively,  and  IL-1ß  and  TNF-α  were 45.8  and  8.7%  higher.  Spearman's  correlation analysis showed that there is a significant direct correlation of noticeable and high strength  between  the  level  of  cytokines  of maternal cows and similar indicators in newborns, which indicates the influence of signaling proteins of the mother's body on fetal development.  As  a  result,  neonatal  hepatodystrophy  was  diagnosed  in  calves  born from cows with chronic systemic inflammation  syndrome,  accompanied  by  cytolysis and  cholestasis  syndrome,  accumulation  of endotoxins  and  a  decrease  in  energy  substrates. The data obtained show that a change in  the  cytokine  profile  during  pregnancy towards  the  predominance  of  proinflammatory  cytokines  creates  a  risk  of developing  antenatal  liver  pathology  in  future offspring, thereby forming prerequisites for the development of comorbid pathology in newborns.