Nerve conduction study findings in females with systemic lupus erythematosus

Aim of the work

To investigate the frequency, characteristics, and associated factors of systemic lupus erythematosus-related peripheral neuropathy (SLE-PN) using nerve conduction study (NCS).

Patients and methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Rheumatology clinics of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 2016 to 2020. Eligibility included systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosed patients with at least one NCS result in their clinical records. Demographic, clinical, and biological characteristics were collected.

Results

Among 101 female SLE patients, abnormal NCS findings were observed in 11 (10.9%) patients. Of those with abnormal NCS, 27.3% showed mixed axonal and demyelinated motor neuropathy, 18.2% had sensory-motor axonal neuropathy, another 18.2% presented with axonal left common peroneal neuropathy, and the same percentage was observed for axonal sensory neuropathy. Comparisons between abnormal and normal NCS groups in a study population revealed that the abnormal NCS group had significantly higher proportions of non-Saudi nationality, lupus nephritis, seizures, and high SLICC DI. Furthermore, this group was associated with higher ANA titers and exhibited a non-significant trend towards increased positive anti-DNA frequency. Multivariate analysis identified non-Saudi nationality and the presence of end-organ damage as two significant predictors of SLE-related PN.

Conclusion

Peripheral neuropathy in SLE patients in Saudi Arabia is not uncommon, specifically those with heightened disease activity, organ damage, or disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. Predominantly, the condition presents as axonopathy impacting sensory nerves, with possible motor involvement. The critical role of electrophysiological studies in early detection and improved patient management is high lightened.