治疗土壤传播蠕虫病的现有药物和未来展望

Jennifer Keiser
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由蛔虫、毛滴虫和钩虫(十二指肠肛门蛔虫和美洲钩虫)引起的土壤传播蠕虫病导致全球约 15 亿人感染,其中大部分在热带和亚热带地区。预防性化疗是防治的主要手段,即定期向高危人群施用抗蠕虫药物,主要是阿苯达唑和甲苯咪唑。由于苯并咪唑类药物有产生抗药性的风险,而且在治疗方面存在缺陷,因此人们一直在努力开发替代性抗虫药。本综述旨在提供有关现有治疗方法的最新进展,以及针对三种主要土壤传播蠕虫感染正在进行的研发工作。此外,还将综述使用复方药物和先进候选药物(如帕莫酸奥康特和依莫地普赛)的最新研究成果,以及这些药物如何满足目标产品的要求。最后,将总结药物发现方面的进展。
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Present drugs and future perspectives in treating soil-transmitted helminthiasis
Soil-transmitted helminthiases caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) are responsible for the infection of approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. Preventive chemotherapy is the mainstay of control, which is the regular administration of anthelminthic drugs, mainly albendazole and mebendazole to at-risk populations. As benzimidazoles face a risk of developing drug resistance and have shortcomings in their therapeutic profile, efforts have been made to develop alternative anthelminthics. The aim of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art update on available treatments and ongoing efforts in Research and Development (R&D) for the three main soil-transmitted helminth infections. Recent findings on the use of drug combinations and advanced drug candidates such as oxantel pamoate and emodepside and how these drugs fulfill the target product profile will be reviewed. Lastly, progress in drug discovery will be summarized.
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