为战争期间受到创伤的儿童提供社会服务:乌克兰和瑞典的经验

Oxana Chernysh, Iryna Zhalinska, Anastasiia Melnyk
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摘要

鉴于儿童心理健康问题对未来健康社会的形成具有重要意义,科学家们对这一问题尤为关注。在战争等紧急情况下,压力源的数量及其影响难以预测,因此这一问题变得尤为重要。本文研究了乌克兰和瑞典的社会服务机构在战时为受创伤儿童提供支持的经验和方法。研究概述了与受创伤儿童打交道的三个阶段,即识别、治疗和预防。本研究调查并比较了不同国家的社会工作者在这些阶段的做法。本研究由瑞典和乌克兰合作开展,调查社会服务机构为受战争创伤儿童提供的支持。研究以归纳法为基础。本文的核心内容是对社会工作者、心理学家、学校辅导员和相关组织代表进行的访谈。对专家们关于上述主题的意见进行了梳理。此外,还强调了比较国家在提供社会支持方面的异同。确定了影响比较国 家社会工作者与受创伤儿童工作方法的主要因素。考虑了对比国家在支持受战争创伤儿童方面与家长合作的方法。审查了与向受创伤儿童提供社会和心理支持有关的各种问题,如资源和社会支持系统的能力。还研究了专家们强调的其他因素对儿童心理创伤的影响。其中特别关注了社交媒体的影响。此外,还考虑了社会工作者在预防创伤阶段的作用,以及社会支持系统出现的问题。此外,还提到了解决儿童心理健康问题的紧迫性,以及当局之间合作提供有效支持和治疗的重要性。
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PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES FOR TRAUMATIZED CHILDREN DURING THE WAR: EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE AND SWEDEN
The problem of children’s mental health is of special interest to scientists in view of its importance for the formation of a future healthy society. This issue becomes especially relevant in emergency situations, such as war, when the number of stressors and their impact is difficult to predict. This article has examined the experience as well as approaches of social services in Ukraine and Sweden in providing support to traumatized children during wartime. There have been outlined three phases in terms of working with traumatized children, i.e. identification, treatment, and prevention. The study has investigated and compared the practices of social workers in contrasted countries within these phases defined. The study presented is a collaborative effort between Sweden and Ukraine, investigating the support provided to war-traumatized children by social services. The research has been based on an inductive approach. The interviews conducted with social workers, psychologists, school counselors, and representatives of relevant organizations are at the core of this paper. The experts’ opinions on the topic mentioned have been reviewed. Moreover, the similarities and differences in providing social support in compared countries have been highlighted. The main factors influencing the approaches to the work of social workers with traumatized children of the compared countries have been determined. The approaches to working with parents in terms of supporting war-traumatized children in contrasted countries have been considered. Various problems related to providing social and psychological support to traumatized children such as resources and the capacity of the social support system have been reviewed. The impact of other factors on the occurrence of psychological trauma in children, which experts emphasized, has been examined. In particular, special attention has been paid to social media’s impact. The role of social workers at the stage of trauma prevention has been also considered, as well as the problems of the social support system that have arisen. The urgency of addressing the mental health of children and the importance of collaboration between authorities to provide effective support and treatment have been mentioned.
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