基于图像的癌症组织多重免疫分析：转化意义。乳腺癌国际免疫肿瘤学生物标志物工作组报告。

IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY The Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI:10.1002/path.6238
Chowdhury Arif Jahangir, David B Page, Glenn Broeckx, Claudia A Gonzalez, Caoimbhe Burke, Clodagh Murphy, Jorge S Reis-Filho, Amy Ly, Paul W Harms, Rajarsi R Gupta, Michael Vieth, Akira I Hida, Mohamed Kahila, Zuzana Kos, Paul J van Diest, Sara Verbandt, Jeppe Thagaard, Reena Khiroya, Khalid Abduljabbar, Gabriela Acosta Haab, Balazs Acs, Sylvia Adams, Jonas S Almeida, Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero, Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Sunil Badve, Nurkhairul Bariyah Baharun, Enrique R Bellolio, Vydehi Bheemaraju, Kim RM Blenman, Luciana Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Octavio Burgues, Alexandros Chardas, Maggie Chon U Cheang, Francesco Ciompi, Lee AD Cooper, An Coosemans, Germán Corredor, Flavio Luis Dantas Portela, Frederik Deman, Sandra Demaria, Sarah N Dudgeon, Mahmoud Elghazawy, Claudio Fernandez-Martín, Susan Fineberg, Stephen B Fox, Jennifer M Giltnane, Sacha Gnjatic, Paula I Gonzalez-Ericsson, Anita Grigoriadis, Niels Halama, Matthew G Hanna, Aparna Harbhajanka, Steven N Hart, Johan Hartman, Stephen Hewitt, Hugo M Horlings, Zaheed Husain, Sheeba Irshad, Emiel AM Janssen, Tatsuki R Kataoka, Kosuke Kawaguchi, Andrey I Khramtsov, Umay Kiraz, Pawan Kirtani, Liudmila L Kodach, Konstanty Korski, Guray Akturk, Ely Scott, Anikó Kovács, Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm, Corinna Lang-Schwarz, Denis Larsimont, Jochen K Lennerz, Marvin Lerousseau, Xiaoxian Li, Anant Madabhushi, Sai K Maley, Vidya Manur Narasimhamurthy, Douglas K Marks, Elizabeth S McDonald, Ravi Mehrotra, Stefan Michiels, Durga Kharidehal, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar Minhas, Shachi Mittal, David A Moore, Shamim Mushtaq, Hussain Nighat, Thomas Papathomas, Frederique Penault-Llorca, Rashindrie D Perera, Christopher J Pinard, Juan Carlos Pinto-Cardenas, Giancarlo Pruneri, Lajos Pusztai, Nasir Mahmood Rajpoot, Bernardo Leon Rapoport, Tilman T Rau, Joana M Ribeiro, David Rimm, Anne Vincent-Salomon, Joel Saltz, Shahin Sayed, Evangelos Hytopoulos, Sarah Mahon, Kalliopi P Siziopikou, Christos Sotiriou, Albrecht Stenzinger, Maher A Sughayer, Daniel Sur, Fraser Symmans, Sunao Tanaka, Timothy Taxter, Sabine Tejpar, Jonas Teuwen, E Aubrey Thompson, Trine Tramm, William T Tran, Jeroen van der Laak, Gregory E Verghese, Giuseppe Viale, Noorul Wahab, Thomas Walter, Yannick Waumans, Hannah Y Wen, Wentao Yang, Yinyin Yuan, John Bartlett, Sibylle Loibl, Carsten Denkert, Peter Savas, Sherene Loi, Elisabeth Specht Stovgaard, Roberto Salgado, William M Gallagher, Arman Rahman
{"title":"基于图像的癌症组织多重免疫分析：转化意义。乳腺癌国际免疫肿瘤学生物标志物工作组报告。","authors":"Chowdhury Arif Jahangir,&nbsp;David B Page,&nbsp;Glenn Broeckx,&nbsp;Claudia A Gonzalez,&nbsp;Caoimbhe Burke,&nbsp;Clodagh Murphy,&nbsp;Jorge S Reis-Filho,&nbsp;Amy Ly,&nbsp;Paul W Harms,&nbsp;Rajarsi R Gupta,&nbsp;Michael Vieth,&nbsp;Akira I Hida,&nbsp;Mohamed Kahila,&nbsp;Zuzana Kos,&nbsp;Paul J van Diest,&nbsp;Sara Verbandt,&nbsp;Jeppe Thagaard,&nbsp;Reena Khiroya,&nbsp;Khalid Abduljabbar,&nbsp;Gabriela Acosta Haab,&nbsp;Balazs Acs,&nbsp;Sylvia Adams,&nbsp;Jonas S Almeida,&nbsp;Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero,&nbsp;Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan,&nbsp;Sunil Badve,&nbsp;Nurkhairul Bariyah Baharun,&nbsp;Enrique R Bellolio,&nbsp;Vydehi Bheemaraju,&nbsp;Kim RM Blenman,&nbsp;Luciana Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto,&nbsp;Octavio Burgues,&nbsp;Alexandros Chardas,&nbsp;Maggie Chon U Cheang,&nbsp;Francesco Ciompi,&nbsp;Lee AD Cooper,&nbsp;An Coosemans,&nbsp;Germán Corredor,&nbsp;Flavio Luis Dantas Portela,&nbsp;Frederik Deman,&nbsp;Sandra Demaria,&nbsp;Sarah N Dudgeon,&nbsp;Mahmoud Elghazawy,&nbsp;Claudio Fernandez-Martín,&nbsp;Susan Fineberg,&nbsp;Stephen B Fox,&nbsp;Jennifer M Giltnane,&nbsp;Sacha Gnjatic,&nbsp;Paula I Gonzalez-Ericsson,&nbsp;Anita Grigoriadis,&nbsp;Niels Halama,&nbsp;Matthew G Hanna,&nbsp;Aparna Harbhajanka,&nbsp;Steven N Hart,&nbsp;Johan Hartman,&nbsp;Stephen Hewitt,&nbsp;Hugo M Horlings,&nbsp;Zaheed Husain,&nbsp;Sheeba Irshad,&nbsp;Emiel AM Janssen,&nbsp;Tatsuki R Kataoka,&nbsp;Kosuke Kawaguchi,&nbsp;Andrey I Khramtsov,&nbsp;Umay Kiraz,&nbsp;Pawan Kirtani,&nbsp;Liudmila L Kodach,&nbsp;Konstanty Korski,&nbsp;Guray Akturk,&nbsp;Ely Scott,&nbsp;Anikó Kovács,&nbsp;Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm,&nbsp;Corinna Lang-Schwarz,&nbsp;Denis Larsimont,&nbsp;Jochen K Lennerz,&nbsp;Marvin Lerousseau,&nbsp;Xiaoxian Li,&nbsp;Anant Madabhushi,&nbsp;Sai K Maley,&nbsp;Vidya Manur Narasimhamurthy,&nbsp;Douglas K Marks,&nbsp;Elizabeth S McDonald,&nbsp;Ravi Mehrotra,&nbsp;Stefan Michiels,&nbsp;Durga Kharidehal,&nbsp;Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar Minhas,&nbsp;Shachi Mittal,&nbsp;David A Moore,&nbsp;Shamim Mushtaq,&nbsp;Hussain Nighat,&nbsp;Thomas Papathomas,&nbsp;Frederique Penault-Llorca,&nbsp;Rashindrie D Perera,&nbsp;Christopher J Pinard,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Pinto-Cardenas,&nbsp;Giancarlo Pruneri,&nbsp;Lajos Pusztai,&nbsp;Nasir Mahmood Rajpoot,&nbsp;Bernardo Leon Rapoport,&nbsp;Tilman T Rau,&nbsp;Joana M Ribeiro,&nbsp;David Rimm,&nbsp;Anne Vincent-Salomon,&nbsp;Joel Saltz,&nbsp;Shahin Sayed,&nbsp;Evangelos Hytopoulos,&nbsp;Sarah Mahon,&nbsp;Kalliopi P Siziopikou,&nbsp;Christos Sotiriou,&nbsp;Albrecht Stenzinger,&nbsp;Maher A Sughayer,&nbsp;Daniel Sur,&nbsp;Fraser Symmans,&nbsp;Sunao Tanaka,&nbsp;Timothy Taxter,&nbsp;Sabine Tejpar,&nbsp;Jonas Teuwen,&nbsp;E Aubrey Thompson,&nbsp;Trine Tramm,&nbsp;William T Tran,&nbsp;Jeroen van der Laak,&nbsp;Gregory E Verghese,&nbsp;Giuseppe Viale,&nbsp;Noorul Wahab,&nbsp;Thomas Walter,&nbsp;Yannick Waumans,&nbsp;Hannah Y Wen,&nbsp;Wentao Yang,&nbsp;Yinyin Yuan,&nbsp;John Bartlett,&nbsp;Sibylle Loibl,&nbsp;Carsten Denkert,&nbsp;Peter Savas,&nbsp;Sherene Loi,&nbsp;Elisabeth Specht Stovgaard,&nbsp;Roberto Salgado,&nbsp;William M Gallagher,&nbsp;Arman Rahman","doi":"10.1002/path.6238","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have brought transformative changes in the management of cancer patients. The immune profile of tumours has been found to have key value in predicting disease prognosis and treatment response in various cancers. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence have emerged as potent tools for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein biomarkers in a single tissue section, thereby expanding opportunities for molecular and immune profiling while preserving tissue samples. By establishing the phenotype of individual tumour cells when distributed within a mixed cell population, the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers with high-throughput multiplex immunophenotyping of tumour samples has great potential to guide appropriate treatment choices. Moreover, the emergence of novel multi-marker imaging approaches can now provide unprecedented insights into the tumour microenvironment, including the potential interplay between various cell types. However, there are significant challenges to widespread integration of these technologies in daily research and clinical practice. This review addresses the challenges and potential solutions within a structured framework of action from a regulatory and clinical trial perspective. New developments within the field of immunophenotyping using multiplexed tissue imaging platforms and associated digital pathology are also described, with a specific focus on translational implications across different subtypes of cancer. © 2024 The Authors. <i>The Journal of Pathology</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.</p>","PeriodicalId":232,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pathology","volume":"262 3","pages":"271-288"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/path.6238","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer\",\"authors\":\"Chowdhury Arif Jahangir,&nbsp;David B Page,&nbsp;Glenn Broeckx,&nbsp;Claudia A Gonzalez,&nbsp;Caoimbhe Burke,&nbsp;Clodagh Murphy,&nbsp;Jorge S Reis-Filho,&nbsp;Amy Ly,&nbsp;Paul W Harms,&nbsp;Rajarsi R Gupta,&nbsp;Michael Vieth,&nbsp;Akira I Hida,&nbsp;Mohamed Kahila,&nbsp;Zuzana Kos,&nbsp;Paul J van Diest,&nbsp;Sara Verbandt,&nbsp;Jeppe Thagaard,&nbsp;Reena Khiroya,&nbsp;Khalid Abduljabbar,&nbsp;Gabriela Acosta Haab,&nbsp;Balazs Acs,&nbsp;Sylvia Adams,&nbsp;Jonas S Almeida,&nbsp;Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero,&nbsp;Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan,&nbsp;Sunil Badve,&nbsp;Nurkhairul Bariyah Baharun,&nbsp;Enrique R Bellolio,&nbsp;Vydehi Bheemaraju,&nbsp;Kim RM Blenman,&nbsp;Luciana Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto,&nbsp;Octavio Burgues,&nbsp;Alexandros Chardas,&nbsp;Maggie Chon U Cheang,&nbsp;Francesco Ciompi,&nbsp;Lee AD Cooper,&nbsp;An Coosemans,&nbsp;Germán Corredor,&nbsp;Flavio Luis Dantas Portela,&nbsp;Frederik Deman,&nbsp;Sandra Demaria,&nbsp;Sarah N Dudgeon,&nbsp;Mahmoud Elghazawy,&nbsp;Claudio Fernandez-Martín,&nbsp;Susan Fineberg,&nbsp;Stephen B Fox,&nbsp;Jennifer M Giltnane,&nbsp;Sacha Gnjatic,&nbsp;Paula I Gonzalez-Ericsson,&nbsp;Anita Grigoriadis,&nbsp;Niels Halama,&nbsp;Matthew G Hanna,&nbsp;Aparna Harbhajanka,&nbsp;Steven N Hart,&nbsp;Johan Hartman,&nbsp;Stephen Hewitt,&nbsp;Hugo M Horlings,&nbsp;Zaheed Husain,&nbsp;Sheeba Irshad,&nbsp;Emiel AM Janssen,&nbsp;Tatsuki R Kataoka,&nbsp;Kosuke Kawaguchi,&nbsp;Andrey I Khramtsov,&nbsp;Umay Kiraz,&nbsp;Pawan Kirtani,&nbsp;Liudmila L Kodach,&nbsp;Konstanty Korski,&nbsp;Guray Akturk,&nbsp;Ely Scott,&nbsp;Anikó Kovács,&nbsp;Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm,&nbsp;Corinna Lang-Schwarz,&nbsp;Denis Larsimont,&nbsp;Jochen K Lennerz,&nbsp;Marvin Lerousseau,&nbsp;Xiaoxian Li,&nbsp;Anant Madabhushi,&nbsp;Sai K Maley,&nbsp;Vidya Manur Narasimhamurthy,&nbsp;Douglas K Marks,&nbsp;Elizabeth S McDonald,&nbsp;Ravi Mehrotra,&nbsp;Stefan Michiels,&nbsp;Durga Kharidehal,&nbsp;Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar Minhas,&nbsp;Shachi Mittal,&nbsp;David A Moore,&nbsp;Shamim Mushtaq,&nbsp;Hussain Nighat,&nbsp;Thomas Papathomas,&nbsp;Frederique Penault-Llorca,&nbsp;Rashindrie D Perera,&nbsp;Christopher J Pinard,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Pinto-Cardenas,&nbsp;Giancarlo Pruneri,&nbsp;Lajos Pusztai,&nbsp;Nasir Mahmood Rajpoot,&nbsp;Bernardo Leon Rapoport,&nbsp;Tilman T Rau,&nbsp;Joana M Ribeiro,&nbsp;David Rimm,&nbsp;Anne Vincent-Salomon,&nbsp;Joel Saltz,&nbsp;Shahin Sayed,&nbsp;Evangelos Hytopoulos,&nbsp;Sarah Mahon,&nbsp;Kalliopi P Siziopikou,&nbsp;Christos Sotiriou,&nbsp;Albrecht Stenzinger,&nbsp;Maher A Sughayer,&nbsp;Daniel Sur,&nbsp;Fraser Symmans,&nbsp;Sunao Tanaka,&nbsp;Timothy Taxter,&nbsp;Sabine Tejpar,&nbsp;Jonas Teuwen,&nbsp;E Aubrey Thompson,&nbsp;Trine Tramm,&nbsp;William T Tran,&nbsp;Jeroen van der Laak,&nbsp;Gregory E Verghese,&nbsp;Giuseppe Viale,&nbsp;Noorul Wahab,&nbsp;Thomas Walter,&nbsp;Yannick Waumans,&nbsp;Hannah Y Wen,&nbsp;Wentao Yang,&nbsp;Yinyin Yuan,&nbsp;John Bartlett,&nbsp;Sibylle Loibl,&nbsp;Carsten Denkert,&nbsp;Peter Savas,&nbsp;Sherene Loi,&nbsp;Elisabeth Specht Stovgaard,&nbsp;Roberto Salgado,&nbsp;William M Gallagher,&nbsp;Arman Rahman\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/path.6238\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have brought transformative changes in the management of cancer patients. The immune profile of tumours has been found to have key value in predicting disease prognosis and treatment response in various cancers. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence have emerged as potent tools for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein biomarkers in a single tissue section, thereby expanding opportunities for molecular and immune profiling while preserving tissue samples. By establishing the phenotype of individual tumour cells when distributed within a mixed cell population, the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers with high-throughput multiplex immunophenotyping of tumour samples has great potential to guide appropriate treatment choices. Moreover, the emergence of novel multi-marker imaging approaches can now provide unprecedented insights into the tumour microenvironment, including the potential interplay between various cell types. However, there are significant challenges to widespread integration of these technologies in daily research and clinical practice. This review addresses the challenges and potential solutions within a structured framework of action from a regulatory and clinical trial perspective. New developments within the field of immunophenotyping using multiplexed tissue imaging platforms and associated digital pathology are also described, with a specific focus on translational implications across different subtypes of cancer. © 2024 The Authors. <i>The Journal of Pathology</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":232,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"The Journal of Pathology\",\"volume\":\"262 3\",\"pages\":\"271-288\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/path.6238\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"The Journal of Pathology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/path.6238\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ONCOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Journal of Pathology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/path.6238","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

免疫肿瘤学领域的最新进展为癌症患者的治疗带来了变革。人们发现，肿瘤的免疫特征在预测各种癌症的预后和治疗反应方面具有重要价值。多重免疫组化和免疫荧光已成为在单个组织切片中同时检测多种蛋白质生物标记物的有效工具，从而在保留组织样本的同时扩大了分子和免疫特征描述的机会。通过确定分布在混合细胞群中的单个肿瘤细胞的表型，利用肿瘤样本的高通量多重免疫表型鉴定临床相关的生物标记物，具有指导适当治疗选择的巨大潜力。此外，新型多标志物成像方法的出现可提供前所未有的肿瘤微环境洞察力，包括各种细胞类型之间的潜在相互作用。然而，在日常研究和临床实践中广泛应用这些技术还面临着巨大的挑战。本综述将从监管和临床试验的角度，在一个结构化的行动框架内探讨这些挑战和潜在的解决方案。此外，还介绍了使用多重组织成像平台和相关数字病理学进行免疫分型领域的新进展，特别关注不同亚型癌症的转化影响。版权归作者所有。病理学杂志》由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表大不列颠及爱尔兰病理学会出版。
本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

摘要图片

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have brought transformative changes in the management of cancer patients. The immune profile of tumours has been found to have key value in predicting disease prognosis and treatment response in various cancers. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence have emerged as potent tools for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein biomarkers in a single tissue section, thereby expanding opportunities for molecular and immune profiling while preserving tissue samples. By establishing the phenotype of individual tumour cells when distributed within a mixed cell population, the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers with high-throughput multiplex immunophenotyping of tumour samples has great potential to guide appropriate treatment choices. Moreover, the emergence of novel multi-marker imaging approaches can now provide unprecedented insights into the tumour microenvironment, including the potential interplay between various cell types. However, there are significant challenges to widespread integration of these technologies in daily research and clinical practice. This review addresses the challenges and potential solutions within a structured framework of action from a regulatory and clinical trial perspective. New developments within the field of immunophenotyping using multiplexed tissue imaging platforms and associated digital pathology are also described, with a specific focus on translational implications across different subtypes of cancer. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助，成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
The Journal of Pathology
The Journal of Pathology 医学-病理学
CiteScore
14.10
自引率
1.40%
发文量
144
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍： The Journal of Pathology aims to serve as a translational bridge between basic biomedical science and clinical medicine with particular emphasis on, but not restricted to, tissue based studies. The main interests of the Journal lie in publishing studies that further our understanding the pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of human disease. The Journal of Pathology welcomes investigative studies on human tissues, in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, and investigations based on animal models with a clear relevance to human disease, including transgenic systems. As well as original research papers, the Journal seeks to provide rapid publication in a variety of other formats, including editorials, review articles, commentaries and perspectives and other features, both contributed and solicited.
期刊最新文献
A deep-learning model for predicting tyrosine kinase inhibitor response from histology in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Redefining phenotypic intratumor heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a bottom-up approach. Comprehensive characterization of micropapillary colorectal adenocarcinoma. Clonal dynamics of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia progression: paired-sample comparison. Unveiling the intriguing relationship: oncogenic KRAS, morphological shifts, and mutational complexity in pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们：info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1