Connecting the indispensable roles of IoT and artificial intelligence in smart cities: A survey

The pace of society development is faster than ever before, and the smart city paradigm has also emerged, which aims to enable citizens to live in more sustainable cities that guarantee well-being and a comfortable living environment. This has been done by a network of new technologies hosted in real time to track the activities and provide smart solutions for the incoming requests or problems of the citizens. One of the most often used methodologies for creating a smart city is the Internet of Things (IoT). Therefore, the IoT-enabled smart city research topic, which consists of many different domains such as transportation, healthcare, and agriculture, has recently attracted increasing attention in the research community. Further, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) significantly contribute to the growth of IoT. In this paper, we first present the smart city concept, the background of smart city development and the components of the IoT-based smart city. This is followed up by a literature review of the research literature on the most recent IoT-enabled smart cities developments and breakthroughs empowered by AI techniques to highlight the current stage, major trends and unsolved challenges of adopting AI-driven IoT technologies for the establishment of desirable smart cities. Finally, we summarize the paper with a discussion of future research to provide recommendations for research direction in the smart city domain.