[微生物组与胆道癌]。

Jin-Seok Park
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摘要

胆道癌包括一组影响胆管和胆囊的恶性肿瘤,通常由于诊断较晚和治疗方案有限而导致预后较差。胆道癌的发病率逐渐升高,因此需要更好地了解其发病机制和潜在风险因素。研究表明,胆道癌的发生可能与遗传、表观遗传学改变以及环境因素有关。微生物暴露和人类微生物组在胆道癌发病机制中的作用是一个新兴的关注领域。传统上,人们认为胆道树在正常情况下是无菌的,但最近的研究发现了特定微生物模式与炎症性胆道疾病和癌症之间的关联。人类微生物组在维持宿主平衡和与宿主免疫系统相互作用方面发挥着至关重要的作用。菌群失调或微生物组组成失衡与包括癌症在内的各种疾病的发生有关。因此,胆道中的菌群失调可能会引发胆道癌的发病机制。下一代测序技术的进步为研究人员提供了更全面的微生物群及其在健康和疾病中的潜在作用,为微生物群与胆道癌之间的关系提供了更多证据。本综述总结了与胆道癌相关的微生物群的最新证据。
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[Microbiome and Biliary Tract Cancer].

Biliary tract cancers encompass a group of malignancies that affect the bile ducts and gallbladder and are associated with a poor prognosis, often due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. The incidence of biliary tract cancer has been increasing gradually, underscoring the need for a better understanding of its pathogenesis and potential risk factors. Research suggests that biliary tract cancer may develop through a combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as environmental factors. The role of microbial exposure and the human microbiome in the pathogenesis of biliary tract cancer is an emerging area of interest. Traditionally, the biliary tree was considered sterile under normal conditions, but recent studies have identified associations between specific microbiological patterns and inflammatory biliary diseases and cancer. The human microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining host homeostasis and interacting with the host's immune system. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbiome composition, has been implicated in the development of various diseases, including cancer. Hence, dysbiosis in the biliary tract might trigger the pathogenesis of biliary tract cancer. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have provided researchers with a more comprehensive view of the microbiota and their potential roles in health and disease, providing more evidence of the relationship between the microbiota and biliary tract cancer. This review summarizes the latest evidence of the microbiome that would be associated with biliary tract cancer.

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