Charging Stations for Large-Scale Deployment of Electric Vehicles

The large-scale adoption of electric vehicles will require a charging infrastructure that meets the new needs that will arise. Currently, the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is still in the early stages of development, not least because of the low number of electric vehicles in use. However, there are still many questions to be answered when it comes to standardization in terms of connectors, DC or AC charging, and power, as well as both operational and economic issues. Although this topic has been the subject of numerous studies over the last ten years, there are still gaps to be filled, particularly with regard to the mix of different recharging strategies (normal, accelerated, fast, induction-track, etc.), as well as the economic and operational aspects. Moreover, the relationship between users and private cars is changing rapidly, and charging behaviors are not yet well established.