复合聚合物支架上脂肪组织来源间充质干细胞的成骨分化:综述。

Saideh Hemati, Mohsen Ghiasi, Ali Salimi
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摘要

间充质干细胞(MSCs)是骨组织工程的基本组成部分,是重建医学的基础。近来,骨组织工程被认为是治疗骨病和骨失调的一种有前途的策略。这项技术需要一个支架来提供细胞附着的环境,以维持细胞功能,还需要丰富的干细胞来源和适当的生长因子。间充质干细胞可从脂肪组织(ASCs)、骨髓(BM-MSCs)或脐带(UC-MSCs)中分离。本研究讨论了间充质干细胞在复合聚合物支架中刺激骨形成的潜力,结果表明间充质干细胞具有体外成骨能力。研究结果还表明,间充质干细胞具有快速生长的潜力,更容易采集脂肪组织,供体部位并发症少,增殖能力强。ASCs的成骨分化能力因培养基和添加的因子而异,这些因子可改变信号通路以增加骨分化。此外,基因表达分析对提高我们对参与 ASCs 以及成骨分化的分子通路的认识具有重要影响。在生物材料复合体中添加地塞米松等药物也能增加骨细胞的形成。将 ASCs 与天然及合成聚合物合成的支架相结合似乎是一种有效的骨再生策略。在复合支架中应用外多糖,如五味子聚糖、壳聚糖、明胶和海藻酸盐,可增强 ASCs 在骨组织再生中的成骨潜力。
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Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Composite Polymeric Scaffolds: A Review.

The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the fundamental part of bone tissue engineering for the emergence of reconstructive medicine. Bone tissue engineering has recently been considered a promising strategy for treating bone diseases and disorders. The technique needs a scaffold to provide an environment for cell attachment to maintain cell function and a rich source of stem cells combined with appropriate growth factors. MSCs can be isolated from adipose tissue (ASCs), bone marrow (BM-MSCs), or umbilical cord (UC-MSCs). In the present study, the potential of ASCs to stimulate bone formation in composite polymeric scaffolds was discussed and it showed that ASCs have osteogenic ability in vitro. The results also indicated that the ASCs have the potential for rapid growth, easier adipose tissue harvesting with fewer donor site complications and high proliferative capacity. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of ASCs varies due to the culture medium and the addition of factors that can change signaling pathways to increase bone differentiation. Furthermore, gene expression analysis has a significant impact on improving our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in ASCs and, thus, osteogenic differentiation. Adding some drugs, such as dexamethasone, to the biomaterial composite also increases the formation of osteocytes. Combining ASCs with scaffolds synthesized from natural and synthetic polymers seems to be an effective strategy for bone regeneration. Applying exopolysaccharides, such as schizophyllan, chitosan, gelatin, and alginate in composite scaffolds enhances the osteogenesis potential of ASCs in bone tissue regeneration.

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