Amir Delavar , Fatemeh Rahimi Anbarkeh , Raheleh Baradaran , Zohreh Arab , Seyed Hamidreza Rastegar Moghaddam , Mahmoud Hosseini , Mohammad Reza Nikravesh , Shahin Saeidi Nejat , Mehdi Jalali
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Thus, this research aimed to appraise the protective effects of the methanolic extract of the VER and BM on changes in the level of expression of α7 and α4 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in hippocampus (HPC) of DZN-treated rats. In this research, 36 male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into six groups: Control, DZN (40 mg/kg), VER (1 g/kg), DZN+VER (40 mg/kg+1 g/kg), BM (150 mg/kg), and DZN+BM (40 mg/kg+150 mg/kg). At the end of treatment periods, the animals of all groups underwent the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The rats were anesthetized, and blood sampling was performed. Eventually, the brain was removed for histological study and evaluation of OS parameters. The results indicated that DZN increased the extent of expression of nAChRs in the HPC and significantly inhibited cholinesterase (ChEs) activity plus OS parameters. Also, in MWM, the time to find the platform was significantly longer in the DZN group, while the time and the distance in the probe test were lower than in the control groups. VER and BM extract in the treatment groups simultaneously improved the extent of expression of nAChRs, ChEs activity, as well as the parameters of OS and spatial memory significantly. In conclusion, our results support the neuroprotective properties of VER and BM extract versus DZN in rats. Accordingly, the extracts of VER and BM may be useful as an approach for the treatment of learning disorders and memory enhancement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical neuroanatomy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 102398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The protective effect of methanolic extract of Verbascum cheiranthifolium and Biebersteinia multifida DC on hippocampus damage induced by diazinon in male Wistar rats: An experimental study\",\"authors\":\"Amir Delavar , Fatemeh Rahimi Anbarkeh , Raheleh Baradaran , Zohreh Arab , Seyed Hamidreza Rastegar Moghaddam , Mahmoud Hosseini , Mohammad Reza Nikravesh , Shahin Saeidi Nejat , Mehdi Jalali\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102398\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Diazinon (DZN) an organophosphate (OP), with the most important mechanism of action of DZN being induction of oxidative stress (OS) and inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Verbascum cheiranthifolium (VER) and Biebersteinia multifida (BM) belong to the Scrophulariaceae and Biebersteiniaceae family respectively. These plants are widely used in Iranian traditional medicine due to their beneficial effects. Thus, this research aimed to appraise the protective effects of the methanolic extract of the VER and BM on changes in the level of expression of α7 and α4 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in hippocampus (HPC) of DZN-treated rats. In this research, 36 male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into six groups: Control, DZN (40 mg/kg), VER (1 g/kg), DZN+VER (40 mg/kg+1 g/kg), BM (150 mg/kg), and DZN+BM (40 mg/kg+150 mg/kg). At the end of treatment periods, the animals of all groups underwent the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The rats were anesthetized, and blood sampling was performed. Eventually, the brain was removed for histological study and evaluation of OS parameters. The results indicated that DZN increased the extent of expression of nAChRs in the HPC and significantly inhibited cholinesterase (ChEs) activity plus OS parameters. Also, in MWM, the time to find the platform was significantly longer in the DZN group, while the time and the distance in the probe test were lower than in the control groups. VER and BM extract in the treatment groups simultaneously improved the extent of expression of nAChRs, ChEs activity, as well as the parameters of OS and spatial memory significantly. In conclusion, our results support the neuroprotective properties of VER and BM extract versus DZN in rats. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
二嗪农（DZN）是一种有机磷（OP），其最重要的作用机制是诱导氧化应激（OS）和抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）。Verbascum cheiranthifolium（VER）和 Biebersteinia multifida（BM）分别属于 Scrophulariaceae 和 Biebersteiniaceae 科。这些植物因其有益功效而在伊朗传统医学中被广泛使用。因此，本研究旨在评估 VER 和 BM 的甲醇提取物对 DZN 治疗大鼠海马（HPC）中烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）α7 和 α4 亚基表达水平变化的保护作用。本研究使用了 36 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠，并将其随机分为六组：对照组、DZN（40mg/kg）组、VER（1g/kg）组、DZN+VER（40mg/kg+1g/kg）组、BM（150mg/kg）组和DZN+BM（40mg/kg+150mg/kg）组。治疗结束后，各组动物均进行莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）试验。对大鼠进行麻醉并抽血。最后，取出大鼠大脑进行组织学研究并评估操作系统参数。结果表明，DZN 增加了 HPC 中 nAChRs 的表达量，并显著抑制了胆碱酯酶（ChEs）活性和 OS 参数。此外，在 MWM 中，DZN 组找到平台的时间明显长于对照组，而探针测试的时间和距离则低于对照组。治疗组中的 VER 和 BM 提取物同时显著改善了 nAChRs 的表达程度、ChEs 活性以及 OS 和空间记忆的参数。总之，我们的研究结果支持 VER 和 BM 提取物相对于 DZN 对大鼠神经的保护作用。因此，VER 和 BM 的提取物可作为治疗学习障碍和增强记忆的一种有用方法。
The protective effect of methanolic extract of Verbascum cheiranthifolium and Biebersteinia multifida DC on hippocampus damage induced by diazinon in male Wistar rats: An experimental study
Diazinon (DZN) an organophosphate (OP), with the most important mechanism of action of DZN being induction of oxidative stress (OS) and inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Verbascum cheiranthifolium (VER) and Biebersteinia multifida (BM) belong to the Scrophulariaceae and Biebersteiniaceae family respectively. These plants are widely used in Iranian traditional medicine due to their beneficial effects. Thus, this research aimed to appraise the protective effects of the methanolic extract of the VER and BM on changes in the level of expression of α7 and α4 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in hippocampus (HPC) of DZN-treated rats. In this research, 36 male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into six groups: Control, DZN (40 mg/kg), VER (1 g/kg), DZN+VER (40 mg/kg+1 g/kg), BM (150 mg/kg), and DZN+BM (40 mg/kg+150 mg/kg). At the end of treatment periods, the animals of all groups underwent the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The rats were anesthetized, and blood sampling was performed. Eventually, the brain was removed for histological study and evaluation of OS parameters. The results indicated that DZN increased the extent of expression of nAChRs in the HPC and significantly inhibited cholinesterase (ChEs) activity plus OS parameters. Also, in MWM, the time to find the platform was significantly longer in the DZN group, while the time and the distance in the probe test were lower than in the control groups. VER and BM extract in the treatment groups simultaneously improved the extent of expression of nAChRs, ChEs activity, as well as the parameters of OS and spatial memory significantly. In conclusion, our results support the neuroprotective properties of VER and BM extract versus DZN in rats. Accordingly, the extracts of VER and BM may be useful as an approach for the treatment of learning disorders and memory enhancement.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy publishes scientific reports relating the functional and biochemical aspects of the nervous system with its microanatomical organization. The scope of the journal concentrates on reports which combine microanatomical, biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural approaches.
Papers should offer original data correlating the morphology of the nervous system (the brain and spinal cord in particular) with its biochemistry. The Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy is particularly interested in publishing important studies performed with up-to-date methodology utilizing sensitive chemical microassays, hybridoma technology, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization and receptor radioautography, to name a few examples.
The Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy is the natural vehicle for integrated studies utilizing these approaches. The articles will be selected by the editorial board and invited reviewers on the basis of their excellence and potential contribution to this field of neurosciences. Both in vivo and in vitro integrated studies in chemical neuroanatomy are appropriate subjects of interest to the journal. These studies should relate only to vertebrate species with particular emphasis on the mammalian and primate nervous systems.
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