An investigation on long non-coding RNA PVT1 / miR-214 / NF-κB and long non-coding RNA MALAT1 / miR-9 / NF-κB in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background

Globally, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising at an alarming rate. Many studies have suggested the dysfunction of non-coding RNAs as pivotal regulators of gene expression in a wide range of illnesses, such as diabetes. The current study set out to investigate lncRNA metastasis-related lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), miR-214, and miR-9 expression in patients with diabetes, pre-diabetes, and healthy controls to determine if changes in these ncRNAs levels are reliable diagnostic, prognostic markers for T2DM. Additionally, we examined how these ncRNA levels correlate with the nuclear factor of the κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB) plasma levels.

Material and method

In this case-control investigation, participants (n = 150) were split evenly among healthy controls, type 2 diabetics, and prediabetics (n = 100/group). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze lncRNA MALAT1, PVT1, miR-9, miR-214, and NF-κB. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to discriminate the prediabetic group from the control group.

Result

MiR-214 and miR-9 levels are significantly decreased in T2DM and pre-diabetic patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, compared to healthy controls, MALAT1 and PVT1 expression levels rose progressively in pre-diabetic and T2DM subjects. Moreover, an inverse relationship was found between miR-214, miR-9 expression, and NF-κB. Additionally, by ROC curve analysis, miR-214, miR-9, MALAT1, and PVT1's AUC were measured to be 0.8687, 0.8256, 0.7861, and 0.8188.

Conclusion

These findings introduce the PVT1 / miR-214 / NF-κB and MALAT1 / miR-9 / NF-κB axis as critical players in T2DM pathogenesis.