Risk of Ceftriaxone (Antibiotic) in the Tigris River Water, Iraq

There are several causes of hemolytic diseases, such as viral or bacterial contamination, enlarged spleen, and typhoid fever, which can be transmitted through contaminated water. Polluted wastewater samples were collected for the period of June-2022 to (May-2023) from five stations in Baghdad City such as Al- Gureat, Al-Ahdamyah, Bab Al-Muhadum, Bab Al-Sharqy and Al-Jadryah stations on the Tigris Riverbanks for the studying of Ceftriaxone antibiotic risk. The concentrations of ceftriaxone have been detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results reveal that concentrations of ceftriaxone in the water fluctuated via sampling stations and seasons; so the highest concentration was 8 × 10-5 ppm in site 2 at Ahdamyah station, while the lowest concentrations was 1 × 10-7 ppm in site 5 sites at Al-Jadryah station during wet season 2023. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the study stations, except for the control station. The detection of ceftriaxone in raw surface water confirms that sewage from health institutions reaches the river without any effective treatment.