Beyond fear: a new paradigm to manage shark recovery in Brazilian marine protected areas

Shark populations have declined worldwide, and conservation measures have been necessary for their recovery and maintenance in natural areas. Despite efforts to protect sharks in marine sanctuaries and managed areas, the apparent recovery of shark populations in Brazilian Marine Protected Areas has sparked controversy after two incidents involving shark bites. Shark culling has been proposed in one of the most iconic Marine National Parks, and scientific diving has been forbidden at a Marine Sanctuary where a long-term ecological program that lasted 10 years had to be halted. We herein argue for a science-based approach for shark management and conservation in Brazil, better connecting conservation goals with economic benefits.