Molecular Pathogenesis, Organ Metastasis, and Targeted Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Around 2 million people have been diagnosed with lung carcinoma every year, and 20,000 die from it. Amongst this around 80–85% of lung cancers belong to the category of non-small cell carcinomas. Throughout the last few decades, lung cancer's chromosomal makeup has been better understood, changing clinical care and treatment of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients. This has been possible as a result of high-tech molecular procedures and chromosomal analysis. Due to the discovery of persistent genetic abnormalities, specific drugs have increased lung cancer patients' median survival times. Patients now receive tailored drugs based on genetic abnormalities or other prognostic indicators in pulmonary pathology and oncology. Many testing methods, each with pros and cons, complicate diagnosis algorithms. However, current consensus standards and recommendations have standardized lung cancer diagnostic testing. This article discusses the molecular genetic landscape of the non-small cell lung cancer and the latest therapy developments, focusing on clinically relevant changes.