作为精神障碍潜在生物标志物的微小 RNA:诊断和预后意义

S. Y. Tereshchenko
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摘要

背景:microRNA 是一种小型非编码 RNA,在转录后基因表达调控中起着至关重要的作用。最近的研究表明,microRNAs 参与了各种精神疾病的发病机制,因此可以将其视为诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点。本文献综述旨在分析目前有关 microRNAs 参与精神疾病形成的研究,重点关注其作为诊断和预后生物标志物的潜力。材料与方法:为了找到相关的出版物,我们使用以下关键词和术语搜索了电子图书馆和 PubMed 数据库:microRNAs、精神障碍、心理状态、生物标志物、诊断、预后。结论:大量研究表明,microRNAs 参与了与精神障碍相关的关键分子通路的调控,包括神经传递、神经发育和突触可塑性。在重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、焦虑症、自闭症谱系障碍、注意力缺陷/多动障碍和成瘾性障碍等各种精神疾病中,都观察到了某些 microRNA 的失调。研究强调,所研究的 microRNA 极有可能被用作诊断生物标志物,为早期检测和个性化治疗策略提供可能。鉴定与不同精神疾病相关的特定 microRNA 为开发创新诊断方法和靶向治疗干预措施提供了新的机遇。然而,目前仍存在一些挑战,包括由于精神疾病的异质性而导致的 microRNA 表达水平和特征的差异、microRNA 分析协议标准化的必要性以及在针对不同患者群体的大规模研究中进一步验证这些协议的必要性。基础遗传学研究人员和临床医生需要通力合作,充分发挥 microRNA 分析在诊断和治疗精神疾病方面的潜力。
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MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Mental Disorders: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications
Background: microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recent studies indicate the involvement of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders, which allows to consider them as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The aim of this literature review is to analyse curren research on the involvement of microRNAs in the formation of psychiatric disorders, focusing on their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Materials and methods: to find relevant publications, we searched eLibrary and PubMed databases using the following keywords and terms: microRNAs, mental disorders, psychological status, biomarkers, diagnosis, prognosis.Conclusion: numerous studies suggest that microRNAs are involved in the regulation of critical molecular pathways associated with psychiatric disorders, including neurotransmission, neurodevelopment, and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of certain microRNAs has been observed in various psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and addictive disorders. It is highlighted that the investigated microRNAs have a high potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers, opening up possibilities for early detection and personalised treatment strategies. The identification of specific microRNAs associated with different psychiatric disorders offers new opportunities to develop innovative diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic interventions. However, a number of challenges remain, including differences in microRNA expression levels and profiles due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders, the need for standardisation of microRNA analysis protocols and their further validation in large-scale studies on different patient populations. Collaborative efforts between basic genetics researchers and clinicians are needed to harness the full potential of microRNA analysis for the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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