Marco Lombardo, Sebastiano Serrao, Giuseppe Massimo Bernava, Rita Mencucci, Mario Fruschelli, Giuseppe Lombardo
{"title":"使用不同的临床眼科制剂实时监测核黄素浓度，用于外显子脱落角膜交联和外显子接合角膜交联","authors":"Marco Lombardo, Sebastiano Serrao, Giuseppe Massimo Bernava, Rita Mencucci, Mario Fruschelli, Giuseppe Lombardo","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06451-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>To assess the feasibility of theranostics to determine the riboflavin concentration in the cornea using clinically available ophthalmic formulations during epithelium-off (epi-off) and transepithelial (epi-on) corneal cross-linking procedures.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Thirty-two eye bank human donor corneas were equally randomized in eight groups; groups 1 to 3 and groups 4 to 8 underwent epi-off and epi-on delivery of riboflavin respectively. Riboflavin ophthalmic solutions were applied onto the cornea according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The amount of riboflavin into the cornea was estimated, at preset time intervals during imbibition time, using theranostic UV-A device (C4V CHROMO4VIS, Regensight srl, Italy) and expressed as <i>riboflavin score</i> (d.u.). Measurements of corneal riboflavin concentration (expressed as µg/cm<sup>3</sup>) were also performed by spectroscopy absorbance technique (AvaLight-DH-S-BAL, Avantes) for external validation of theranostic measurements.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>At the end of imbibition time in epi-off delivery protocols, the average <i>riboflavin score</i> ranged from 0.77 ± 0.38 (the average corneal riboflavin concentration was 213 ± 190 µg/cm<sup>3</sup>) to 1.79 ± 0.07 (554 ± 103 µg/cm<sup>3</sup>). In epi-on delivery protocols, the average <i>riboflavin score</i> ranged from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 0.67 ± 0.19 (corneal riboflavin concentration ranged from 6 ± 5 µg/cm<sup>3</sup> to 122 ± 39 µg/cm<sup>3</sup>) at the end of imbibition time. A statistically significant linear correlation (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) was found between the theranostic and spectrophotometry measurements in all groups.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Real-time theranostic imaging provided an accurate strategy for assessing permeation of riboflavin into the human cornea during the imbibition phase of corneal cross-linking, regardless of delivery protocol. A large variability in corneal riboflavin concentration exists between clinically available ophthalmic formulations both in epi-off and epi-on delivery protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":12748,"journal":{"name":"Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Real-time monitoring of riboflavin concentration using different clinically available ophthalmic formulations for epi-off and epi-on corneal cross-linking\",\"authors\":\"Marco Lombardo, Sebastiano Serrao, Giuseppe Massimo Bernava, Rita Mencucci, Mario Fruschelli, Giuseppe Lombardo\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00417-024-06451-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Purpose</h3><p>To assess the feasibility of theranostics to determine the riboflavin concentration in the cornea using clinically available ophthalmic formulations during epithelium-off (epi-off) and transepithelial (epi-on) corneal cross-linking procedures.</p><h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Methods</h3><p>Thirty-two eye bank human donor corneas were equally randomized in eight groups; groups 1 to 3 and groups 4 to 8 underwent epi-off and epi-on delivery of riboflavin respectively. Riboflavin ophthalmic solutions were applied onto the cornea according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The amount of riboflavin into the cornea was estimated, at preset time intervals during imbibition time, using theranostic UV-A device (C4V CHROMO4VIS, Regensight srl, Italy) and expressed as <i>riboflavin score</i> (d.u.). Measurements of corneal riboflavin concentration (expressed as µg/cm<sup>3</sup>) were also performed by spectroscopy absorbance technique (AvaLight-DH-S-BAL, Avantes) for external validation of theranostic measurements.</p><h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Results</h3><p>At the end of imbibition time in epi-off delivery protocols, the average <i>riboflavin score</i> ranged from 0.77 ± 0.38 (the average corneal riboflavin concentration was 213 ± 190 µg/cm<sup>3</sup>) to 1.79 ± 0.07 (554 ± 103 µg/cm<sup>3</sup>). In epi-on delivery protocols, the average <i>riboflavin score</i> ranged from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 0.67 ± 0.19 (corneal riboflavin concentration ranged from 6 ± 5 µg/cm<sup>3</sup> to 122 ± 39 µg/cm<sup>3</sup>) at the end of imbibition time. A statistically significant linear correlation (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) was found between the theranostic and spectrophotometry measurements in all groups.</p><h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Conclusions</h3><p>Real-time theranostic imaging provided an accurate strategy for assessing permeation of riboflavin into the human cornea during the imbibition phase of corneal cross-linking, regardless of delivery protocol. A large variability in corneal riboflavin concentration exists between clinically available ophthalmic formulations both in epi-off and epi-on delivery protocols.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12748,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology\",\"volume\":\"20 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06451-8\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06451-8","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Real-time monitoring of riboflavin concentration using different clinically available ophthalmic formulations for epi-off and epi-on corneal cross-linking
Purpose
To assess the feasibility of theranostics to determine the riboflavin concentration in the cornea using clinically available ophthalmic formulations during epithelium-off (epi-off) and transepithelial (epi-on) corneal cross-linking procedures.
Methods
Thirty-two eye bank human donor corneas were equally randomized in eight groups; groups 1 to 3 and groups 4 to 8 underwent epi-off and epi-on delivery of riboflavin respectively. Riboflavin ophthalmic solutions were applied onto the cornea according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The amount of riboflavin into the cornea was estimated, at preset time intervals during imbibition time, using theranostic UV-A device (C4V CHROMO4VIS, Regensight srl, Italy) and expressed as riboflavin score (d.u.). Measurements of corneal riboflavin concentration (expressed as µg/cm3) were also performed by spectroscopy absorbance technique (AvaLight-DH-S-BAL, Avantes) for external validation of theranostic measurements.
Results
At the end of imbibition time in epi-off delivery protocols, the average riboflavin score ranged from 0.77 ± 0.38 (the average corneal riboflavin concentration was 213 ± 190 µg/cm3) to 1.79 ± 0.07 (554 ± 103 µg/cm3). In epi-on delivery protocols, the average riboflavin score ranged from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 0.67 ± 0.19 (corneal riboflavin concentration ranged from 6 ± 5 µg/cm3 to 122 ± 39 µg/cm3) at the end of imbibition time. A statistically significant linear correlation (P ≤ 0.05) was found between the theranostic and spectrophotometry measurements in all groups.
Conclusions
Real-time theranostic imaging provided an accurate strategy for assessing permeation of riboflavin into the human cornea during the imbibition phase of corneal cross-linking, regardless of delivery protocol. A large variability in corneal riboflavin concentration exists between clinically available ophthalmic formulations both in epi-off and epi-on delivery protocols.
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