Non-Line-of-Sight Optical Communication: Field, Laboratory, and Numerical Experiments in Russia in 2012–2022

Experimental and theoretical studies performed in Russia in 2012–2022 on non-line-of-sight optical communication in air and water media are reviewed. The main results of field, laboratory, and numerical experiments in the IR, visible, and UV wavelength ranges are given. In the laboratory experiments, a water-glycerin and atmospheric air mixture was used as scattering media. In the field experiments, optical communication was implemented in the near-surface air layer, as well as in artificial and natural water reservoirs (including through ice in winter). The investigations were performed for coplanar and noncoplanar schemes of communication channels.