Analysis of the impact of cytoreductive surgery in patients with oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma in clinical practice

Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) and metastasectomy are justified in patients with oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Objective: to evaluate the impact of cytoreductive surgery on survival rates in patients with oligometastatic RCС. Material and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 342 patients with oligometastatic RCC, who underwent systemic therapy and different types of cytoreductive surgeries at the Municipal Oncology Hospital No. 62 in Moscow and the Municipal Oncoloy Center in Saint Petersburg from 2006 to 2022. Cytoreductive nephrectomy was performed in 332 (97.1 %) patients, metastasectomy in 103 (30.1 %) patients. The survival rates of patients in treatment groups were evaluated using the Survival Analysis by calculating descriptive characteristics of survival time by means of a life-table and Kaplan–Meier curves. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results. In the univariate analysis, in patients who underwent CN, the factors that had a negative effect on the prognosis of survival rates were the tumor grade, evidence of bone metastases, levels of ALP, LdH, ESR, as well as prognosis according to the IMdC model and metastasectomy. In the multivariate analysis, only IMdC prognosis was found to have a negative effect on survival rates. In both the univariate and multivariate analysis, in the group of patients who underwent metastasectomy, IMdC prognosis alone had an unfavorable impact on survival rates of patients with oligometastatic RCC. Conclusion. Our study showed that CN and metastasectomy had a statistically significant effect on OS (p=0.02 and p=0.032) of patients with oligometastatic RCC. division of the patients into prognosis groups according to the IMdC model showed that CN did not improve the OS rates in patients with oligometastatic RCC with intermediate and unfavorable prognosis, and metastasectomy significantly increased the OS rates in oligometastatic RCC patients with favorable and unfavorable prognosis (p=0.0055 and p=0.047). When evaluating prognostic factors in patients undergoing CN and metastasectomy, only IMdC prognosis had an impact on the OS rates (p<0.001).