Comparative analysis of immune responses in humans infected with Alpha, Delta, and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has profoundly challenged global public health over the last couple of years. Throughout this period, numerous mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged, presenting diverse pathophysiology and immune response challenges for infected individuals. Among these, variant of concern strains, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), has garnered the most significant attention for their role in causing epidemiological dynamics, ultimately leading to elevated infectivity and significant mortality rates. This review aims to provide a comparative analysis of the immune-pathophysiological mechanisms associated with these aforementioned strains of SARS-CoV-2.