Xiao Tan San Jie Fang Hampers the Growth of Colon Cancer Stem Cells through the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

The purpose of this research was to examine the potential anticancer properties of Xiao Tan San Jie Fang (XTSJF) and its potential mechanism of action against colorectal cancer. HCT116 cells were induced into HCT116 spheres in DMEM/F12 medium by treatment with epidermal growth factor + fibroblast growth factor + leukemia inhibitory factor + B27. The proliferation ability and stemness of HCT116 spheres was examined. Various concentrations of XTSJF were used to treat HCT116 spheres to observe the impact on proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of stem cell markers. Next, Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related factor proteins were detected. The findings revealed that XTSJF suppressed cell growth and induced cell death in HCT116 cells in a dosage-dependent manner. Similarly, XTSJF promotes apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, prolongs survival, and maintains the expression of stem cells through the Wnt/-catenin/TCF4 axis. XTSJF also inhibits AKT activity and subsequently activates glycogen synthesis kinase-3β expression, inhibiting Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activity and downstream target gene transcript expression. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is inhibited by the XTSJF, leading to the suppression of colon cancer stem cell proliferation. Xiaotan Sanjie Prescription inhibited colon cancer stem cell growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.