More than just Alkene Construction – Re-Using Wittig Reactions/Reagents in Biomacromolecular Labeling, Imaging, Sequencing and Modification

Classical organic chemical reactions are essential for modern synthetic chemistry and offer valuable insights for chemical biology research. The pioneering bioorthogonal chemistry, based on the Staudinger reaction, is a prime example. However, the biocompatibility of classic “name” reactions like the Wittig reaction is still not fully explored. This versatile reaction efficiently converts carbonyl groups into olefins using phosphorus ylides, making it valuable in synthetic chemistry. Despite being in the early stages of development, the Wittig reaction and its reagents have various applications in peptide, protein, DNA, and RNA research. However, they have limitations such as low activity and efficiency, requiring organic solvents. Future directions may include developing Wittig reagents with improved biostability, simplifying the method, and creating multi-labeling methods. Improving light-activated Wittig reactions and interdisciplinary integration can further advance bioorthogonal chemistry. As technology advances, the Wittig reaction is poised to make greater contributions to molecular biology, cell biology, and biochemical modification research.