HYDRAULIC SCHEMES OF HIGH-CAPACITY PUMP-HOSE SYSTEMS FOR EXTINGUISHING COMPLEX FIRES

Показано, что тушение сложных, затяжных пожаров, к которым можно отнести ландшафтные пожары, требует применения высокопроизводительной пожарной техники. Эта техника должна обеспечивать подачу больших объемов воды на дальние расстояния. Проведен анализ использования мобильных высокопроизводительных насосно-рукавных комплексов НРК-А «Водолей» и КНРМ-400-1,6/300 «Шквал» при тушении лесных пожаров в 2021 году. Выполнен расчет вариантов прокладки магистральных линий в зависимости от расхода воды, подаваемой насосами этих комплексов, диаметров пожарных рукавов, штатной пожарной техники. Даны предложения по выбору оптимальных вариантов развертывания насосно-рукавных комплексов. Complex fires are characterized by a large area, a long time of their localization and liquidation. Extinguishing such fires requires a large water consumption and its supply over considerable distances. All this conditions make up the task of equipping fire service units with appropriate equipment. Modern technological capabilities of a number of highly developed countries allow to create such equipment. In our country for the last decades a whole class of high-performance pumping and hose complexes has been created, which primarily include the complexes «Vodoley» and «Shkval». For their practical application, maximum use of technical capabilities it is necessary to develop tactical schemes of deployment, hydraulic calculation of pumping and hose systems. At the same time, it is necessary to test the proposed options for using such equipment not only during exercises, but also in real conditions. The article presents the results of calculations and real combat deployment of pump and hose systems in the suppression of forest fires in summer of 2021 in the Republic of Mordovia and Nizhny Novgorod region using the complexes «Vodoley» and «Shkval». It is shown that the capabilities of these complexes are much wider than the deployment schemes that were realized during forest fire suppression. Classical dependencies obtained in the works on hydraulics and fire tactics were used in the calculations. One of the directions of increasing the efficiency of the use of high-performance fire fighting equipment is the use of intermediate reservoirs (tanks). These can be natural reservoirs, tanks of fire trains or soft reservoirs. Soft tanks can be simultaneously used for preparation of solutions with the use of special additives that significantly increase the efficiency of water.