跨境合作逆势而上?

Jørn Holm-Hansen, Aadne Aasland
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在2022年俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰之前的几年里,地缘政治环境的变化对巴伦支海欧洲-北极地区的基层跨境合作产生了什么影响?本文作者分别于2007年和2020年对挪威巴伦支海秘书处的赠款项目进行了两次评估,通过访谈、调查和文件研究,我们分析了俄罗斯西北部和挪威最北部地区跨境合作的发展情况。2020年开展该计划的背景与2007年大不相同。在此期间,俄罗斯与西方的关系日益紧张。特别是 2014 年乌克兰事件导致了新的地缘政治环境,对跨境信任和人与人之间合作的理想构成了挑战。此外,俄罗斯的内部政治发展导致权力结构和控制更加集中,公民社会也是如此。尽管我们预计这些发展会对计划目标的实现产生负面影响,但我们发现,与 2007 年相比,2020 年计划更接近于实现其若干目标。能力转移是双向的,双方受益更加均等,尽管地缘政治复杂,但边界两侧参与的团体数量并未减少。文章指出了合作伙伴之间的主要挑战,以及如何克服这些挑战。
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Cross-Border Cooperation Against the Odds?
What impact did changes in the geopolitical environment have on grassroots cross-border cooperation within the Barents Euro-Arctic Region in the years before Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022? Drawing on interviews, surveys and document studies from two evaluations made in 2007 and 2020 of the Norwegian Barents Secretariat’s grant programme, conducted by the authors of the present article, we analyse the development over time of cross-border cooperation in Russia’s northwestern and Norway’s northernmost regions. The context in which the programme was conducted in 2020 differed significantly from that in 2007. The period was one of increasingly strained relations between Russia and the West. In particular, the 2014 events in Ukraine resulted in a new geopolitical environment that posed a challenge to the ideals of cross-border trust and people-to-people cooperation. Moreover, internal political developments in Russia led to more centralized power structures and control, also regarding civil society. Although we had expected these developments to have had a negative impact on the programme’s goal achievement, we find that the programme was closer to achieving several of its objectives in 2020 than in 2007. Competence transfer went both ways, both sides benefitted more equally and despite the geopolitical complications, the number of groups involved on both sides of the border did not decrease. The article identifies the main challenges between partners, and how they were overcome.
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