体验亲密关系和性:一项针对自闭症青少年和成年人的定性研究

IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 REHABILITATION Sexuality and Disability Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI:10.1007/s11195-024-09838-x
Ana Beato, Mariana Reis Sarmento, Mariana Correia
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引用次数: 0

摘要

浪漫、亲密关系和性行为是人类福祉的关键因素。然而,在有神经发育障碍的个体中,即在自闭症患者中,这些要素却不被关注,也没有得到充分的探讨。自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种神经发育障碍,其特征是行为、兴趣或活动的重复性和刻板性,以及人际关系、语言和非语言沟通方面的困难。初步研究显示,虽然大多数自闭症患者希望与他人建立亲密关系,但也有一些自闭症患者倾向于将自己隔离开来,从事个人性行为。尽管这个话题很重要,但很少有研究对其进行深入探讨,也很少有研究包括自闭症患者对浪漫和亲密关系或性行为等话题的独特看法。为了填补这一空白,我们设计了一项定性、横断面和探索性研究,旨在探讨自闭症患者对浪漫、亲密关系和性行为的看法和体验。22 名年龄在 15 至 45 岁之间的自闭症青少年和成年人(63.6% 为女性)同意参加个人深度半结构式访谈。我们对访谈记录进行了主题分析。结果突出了三大主题:亲密关系、性行为和性教育。参与者强调了自闭症特征对性和性行为的负面影响。了解自闭症患者的困难和需求将提高人们对这一主题的认识,并改进与恋爱关系和性行为相关的评估和干预措施。此外,我们的研究还揭示了针对自闭症青少年所面临的困难制定有针对性的、适当的性教育计划和工具的重要性。
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Experiencing Intimate Relationships and Sexuality: A Qualitative Study with Autistic Adolescents and Adults

Romance, intimacy, and sexuality are crucial elements of human well-being. However, they have gone unnoticed and insufficiently explored among individuals with neurodevelopmental difficulties, namely among autistic people. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability characterized by repetitive and stereotypical behavior, interests, or activities and by difficulties in interpersonal relationships and verbal and non-verbal communication. Preliminary studies reveal that, although most wish to relate intimately with other people, several autistic individuals tend to isolate themselves and engage in individual sexual behaviors. Despite the importance of this topic, few studies have looked at it in depth nor included the unique perceptions of autistic people about topics such as romantic and intimate relationships or sexuality. To fill that gap, we have designed a qualitative, cross-sectional and exploratory study that sought to explore the perceptions and experiences of autistic people about romance, intimacy and sexuality. Twenty-two autistic teenagers and adults (63.6% female) aged between 15 and 45 years, consented to participate in individual in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The transcripts were examined with thematic analysis. The results highlight three main themes: Intimate relationships, sexuality, and sex education. The negative impact of autistic characteristics in sexuality and sexuality was highlighted by the participants. Understanding the difficulties and the needs of autistic people will increase awareness regarding this topic and improve assessment and interventions related to romantic relationships and sexuality. Furthermore, our study sheds light on the importance of developing tailored and adequate sex education programs and tools for the difficulties presented by autistic youth.

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来源期刊
Sexuality and Disability
Sexuality and Disability REHABILITATION-
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
20.00%
发文量
47
期刊介绍: Sexuality and Disability is an international forum for the publication of peer-reviewed original interdisciplinary scholarly papers that address the psychological and medical aspects of sexuality in relation to rehabilitation. Publishing timely research articles, review articles, case studies, clinical practice reports, brief research reports, survey data reports, and book and film reviews, the journal offers the latest developments in the area of sexuality as it relates to a wide range of disabilities and conditions. Contributions address: clinical and research progress; community programs; independent-living programs; guidelines for clinical practice; special grand-rounds topics; consumer issues; and contemporary developments in special programs in sex education and counseling for people with disabilities. The journal features special issues with internationally renowned guest editors focusing on current topics in sexual health. By publishing research, best-practice, evidence-based, and educational articles, the journal seeks to contribute to the field''s knowledge base and advancement. Sexuality and Disability is an essential resource for the exchange of new knowledge, issues, techniques, and available modalities for researchers and other professionals addressing the psychological and medical aspects of sexuality in rehabilitation, medical, academic, and community settings.
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