2010 年至 2019 年波兰三大都会区凶杀案的数量、比率和受害者特征

K. Karnecki, Adrian Wrocławski, D. Pieśniak, Wojciech Dalewski, Tomasz Gos, M. Kaliszan
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摘要

尽管全球凶杀案呈明显下降趋势,但凶杀案在所有暴力死亡案件中所占比例仍然较高,这使得凶杀案成为波兰乃至全世界的一个严重问题。现有数据的差异促使研究报告的作者分析了波兰北部三城地区凶杀案的数量和比率以及凶杀案受害者的特征。研究以尸检报告中的数据为基础,并以检察官档案中有关 2010 年至 2019 年三城市地区所有凶杀案的信息为补充。共对 107 起凶杀案的年龄、性别、死亡时血液中的酒精浓度、死亡时间和地点进行了统计分析。凶杀案年发生率为每 10 万居民 1.24 起,在分析期间呈明显下降趋势。受害者的平均年龄约为 48 岁,大多数受害者为男性(70.1%)。92.5% 的凶杀案发生在三大城市,其中格但斯克(49.5%)明显多于其他地区(主要是农村地区)。在被测出血液中酒精浓度的受害者中,大多数(57.8%)是醉酒者,其中男性明显占多数(70.9%)。从分析材料中获得的受害者特征和凶杀率与中东欧其他国家相似,这可能与历史、文化和人口结构相似有关。这项研究强调了酗酒对杀人风险的重大影响。
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Homicide numbers, rates, and victims’ characteristics in the Tri-City metropolitan area, Poland, between 2010 and 2019
Despite a clear global downward trend, homicides still account for a relatively high proportion of all violent deaths, making them a serious problem both in Poland and worldwide. The discrepancy in available data prompted the authors of the study to analyse the numbers and rates of homicides and the characteristics of the homicide victims in the Tri-City area of northern Poland. The study was based on data from autopsy reports, supplemented by information from prosecutor's files on all homicides in the Tri-City area between 2010 and 2019. A total of 107 homicides were statistically analysed for age, sex, blood alcohol concentration at the time of death, time and place of death. The annual homicide rate was 1.24 per 100,000 inhabitants, with a clear downward trend over the period analysed. The average age of victims was about 48 years, and the majority of victims were male (70.1%). 92.5% of homicides were committed in the Tri-City, with a clear predominance of Gdansk (49.5%) over other, mostly rural, areas of the analysed agglomeration. The majority of victims (57.8%) whose blood alcohol concentration was measured were intoxicated, with a clear predominance of males in this group (70.9%). Victim characteristics and the homicide rates obtained from the analysed material were similar to other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, which may be related to historical, cultural, and demographic similarities. The study highlights the significant impact of alcohol abuse on the risk of homicide.
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