为设计高水头孔口溢洪道的底部和顶部剖面而分析大孔口的上部和下部剖面

Shafqat Hussain Bhatti, Habib Ur Rehman, Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar, Muhammad Waqas Zaffar, Muhammad Awais Zafar, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq
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摘要

为水坝建造大型孔道,以便从水库中释放水和沉积物。这种结构被称为水下溢洪道。许多研究都对大型孔道的排泄系数、速度系数和水头损失系数进行了调查,但文献中缺乏有关这些孔道喷流的上下压面的数据。在本实验研究中,对不同闸门开度下水头达 80 米的上部和下部喷口进行了研究。观察到的下封口轮廓与轨迹轮廓方程之间的微小偏差表明,下封口轮廓对不同因素的敏感性不同。速度系数(平均为 0.926)的重要作用凸显了其对微小偏差的影响。随后,还研究了实底剖面对排泄系数和上层岩层剖面的影响。结果表明,尖角大孔的排流系数有所提高,从 0.69 提高到 0.74。结果还表明,上部岩层剖面与美国垦务局(USBR)的剖面相似。上部尖顶剖面的改进表明了实底剖面的重要作用,因此发现实底剖面有助于确定孔口溢洪道的顶面剖面。
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Analysis of upper and lower nappe profiles of large orifice for the design of bottom and roof profiles of high head orifice spillway
Large orifices are constructed for dams to release water and sediments from reservoirs. Such structures are called submerged spillways. Numerous studies have investigated discharge coefficient, velocity coefficient, and head loss coefficient of large orifices; however, the literature lacks data on the upper and lower nappes of the jets from these orifices. In the present experimental study, the upper and lower nappes are investigated up to 80 m head at different gate openings. The observed minor deviation between the lower nappe profile and trajectory profile equation suggests sensitivity to different factors. The significant role of the coefficient of velocity, averaging at 0.926, highlights its impact on minor deviation. Subsequently, the impact of the solid bottom profile on the discharge coefficient and upper nappe profile are also examined. The results show improvement in discharge coefficient of a sharp-edged large orifice, which increased from 0.69 to 0.74. The results also indicate that the upper nappe profiles and United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) profiles are similar. The improvement in the upper nappe profile indicates the significant role of the solid bottom profile, which consequently has found to be helpful in defining the roof profile of an orifice spillway. .
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