萨米人遭遇熊和两兄弟的故事

Krister Stoor
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摘要

萨米人与熊有着特殊的关系。我们可以在故事和歌曲中找到这种关系,在这些故事和歌曲中,熊扮演着重要的角色。我想回答的问题是:为什么熊如此害怕兄弟俩?正如扬-范西纳(Jan Vansina)所介绍的那样,以口述历史为工具,是否有可能在故事和谣歌中找到核心信息。萨米人的悠歌传统是一种讲述故事、缅怀和描述动物、人类和自然的方式。有数百首关于熊的歌曲,其中大部分歌词都描述了熊、熊的习性和动作。同时,在许多其他故事中,特别是在森林萨米地区,兄弟俩也是一条共同的主线。通过比较熊和兄弟这两个主题,我们会发现一个神话般的视角。如果熊遇到了两兄弟,它就有理由感到担忧。
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Samiska berättelser om björnmöten och de två bröderna
The Sámi people have had a special relation to the bear. One can find it in stories and in songs, where the bear has an important role to play. My intention is to answer the question, why is the bear so afraid of the brothers? By using oral history as a tool, as presented by Jan Vansina, is it possible to find a core message in stories and yoiks. The yoiking tradition among the Sámi people is a way to tell stories, remembrance and to describe animals, humans and nature. There are hundreds of songs to the bear and in a majority of them do the lyrics describe the bear, its habits and movements. Simultaneously are the two brothers a common thread in many other stories, particularly in forest Sámi areas. By comparing these two themes, the bear and the brothers, we will find a mythical perspective. There are reason why the bear has to be concerned if he meets two brothers.
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