Frequency of Coronary Anomalies and Association with Atherosclerotic Coronary Stenoses in the Coronary Angiography Candidates

Introduction: Due to the importance of atherosclerotic changes in the patients with coronary anomalies, it was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of atherosclerotic changes in patients with coronary anomalies who underwent coronary angiography at Tehran Heart Center within two years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the patients who underwent coronary angiography and were diagnosed with coronary artery anomalies were included in this study (2018-2020). The frequency and frequency percentage of the detected anomalies, cardiovascular risk factors and also the presence of coronary stenosis among the patients were then determined and reported. Results: Among 79 patients with coronary artery anomaly evaluated in this study, 43 (54.4%) and 36 (45.6) were male and female, respectively. Of these, 39.2% were smokers and 10.1% had an addiction to opioids. The most frequent baseline disease in these patients was dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus with 63%, 49%, and 46%, respectively. Moreover, hypertension was more frequent in women (p=0.005). A total of 81.6% of the patients (all of them had abnormal coronary arteries) had atherosclerotic stenosis in their coronary arteries. The highest frequency of coronary abnormality was left circumflex from right coronary sinus with 29.1%; the others included absent left main, coronary fistula, and right coronary artery from left coronary sinus, which were 12.7%. Conclusion: In the patients with coronary artery anomalies, atherosclerotic changes were frequent prevalence, which can be an important cause of sudden cardiac death in these patients.