How clean capital slows down disinvestment of carbon-intensive capital in the low-carbon transition

This paper explores a novel mechanism through which transitions to a low-carbon economy can proceed smoothly without excessive disinvestment in carbon-intensive capital. The mechanism is analyzed in a Lucas-Uzawa green growth model with carbon-temperature dynamics. Due to the externalities associated with climate damages and learning by doing, insufficient resources are allocated towards investment in clean capital in the business-as-usual market economy. Without green subsidies to stimulate clean capital investment, pricing emissions to internalize the social cost of carbon causes disinvestment in carbon-intensive capital and increases the costs of low-carbon transitions. Pricing emissions and subsidizing clean investment yield a higher return on clean capital and boost clean capital accumulation. This curbs disinvestment in carbon-intensive capital and limits carbon emissions. This highlights the positive role of clean capital for smoothing low-carbon transitions.