脂质体在器官靶向治疗中的应用策略

Zengyu Xun, Tianqi Li, Xue Xue
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摘要

脂质体--具有双层膜结构的微小磷脂泡--在过去 30 年里一直是药物输送研究的焦点。目前的脂质体兼具生物相容性、载药效率、循环时间长和靶向给药等特点。针对特定器官的疾病,人们开发出了大小、电荷、脂质成分和比例各不相同的定制脂质体,从而增强了药物的循环、在病变部位的蓄积、细胞内输送以及对各种器官特定疾病的治疗效果。为了进一步推动这一领域的成功发展,本综述总结了针对一系列人类重大疾病的不同器官的脂质体策略,包括广泛研究的心血管疾病、肝脾免疫性疾病、慢性或急性肾损伤、神经退行性疾病和器官特异性肿瘤。报告重点介绍了脂质体介导的用于疾病干预和器官康复的治疗药物递送的最新进展,为设计器官靶向脂质体提供了实用指南。
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The application strategy of liposomes in organ targeting therapy
Liposomes—microscopic phospholipid bubbles with bilayered membrane structure—have been a focal point in drug delivery research for the past 30 years. Current liposomes possess a blend of biocompatibility, drug loading efficiency, prolonged circulation and targeted delivery. Tailored liposomes, varying in size, charge, lipid composition, and ratio, have been developed to address diseases in specific organs, thereby enhancing drug circulation, accumulation at lesion sites, intracellular delivery, and treatment efficacy for various organ-specific diseases. For further successful development of this field, this review summarized liposomal strategies for targeting different organs in series of major human diseases, including widely studied cardiovascular diseases, liver and spleen immune diseases, chronic or acute kidney injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and organ-specific tumors. It highlights recent advances of liposome-mediated therapeutic agent delivery for disease intervention and organ rehabilitation, offering practical guidelines for designing organ-targeted liposomes.
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