{"title":"低压对短链碳氟化合物表面活性剂性能的影响及其在水成膜泡沫灭火剂中的应用","authors":"Xinhua Zhu, He Huang, Xuhong Jia, Yuqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jsde.12754","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface properties of three fluorocarbon surfactants with different carbon chain lengths were studied at low pressures of 94.6, 74.1 and 61.0 kPa, respectively. The results showed that the saturation adsorption capacity and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased, while the average molecular area (<i>A</i><sub>S</sub>) and the surface tension at CMC (<i>γ</i><sub>CMC</sub>) of fluorocarbon surfactants increased with decreasing pressure. The surface tension (<i>γ</i>) decreased with the decrease of pressure when the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactants was low. However, γ tended to be stable and increased with the drop of pressure when the concentration of surfactants was close or reach to CMC. In addition, the foaming and spreading performance of fluorocarbon surfactants decrease with the decrease of pressure, and the combination of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants is beneficial to the improvement of performance (mixed systems: foam expansion <i>E</i>>6, 25% drainage time <i>t</i><sub>25%</sub>>241 s, 1/2 defoaming time <i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>>851 s, spreading amount <i>V</i><sub>s</sub>>223 μL, spreading time <i>t</i><sub>s</sub><2 s). Further fire extinguishing experiment found that the influence of low pressure environment on fuel combustion characteristics is the key factor to determine fire extinguishing performance, while the influence of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) performance is small. And AFFF based on the environmental-friendly surfactant C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>9</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>NH(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N<sup>+</sup>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>BrCH<sub>2</sub>OH (FC-4) is an effective fire extinguishing agent under low pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":17083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of low pressure on the properties of short-chain fluorocarbon surfactants and their application in aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent\",\"authors\":\"Xinhua Zhu, He Huang, Xuhong Jia, Yuqiang Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/jsde.12754\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Surface properties of three fluorocarbon surfactants with different carbon chain lengths were studied at low pressures of 94.6, 74.1 and 61.0 kPa, respectively. The results showed that the saturation adsorption capacity and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased, while the average molecular area (<i>A</i><sub>S</sub>) and the surface tension at CMC (<i>γ</i><sub>CMC</sub>) of fluorocarbon surfactants increased with decreasing pressure. The surface tension (<i>γ</i>) decreased with the decrease of pressure when the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactants was low. However, γ tended to be stable and increased with the drop of pressure when the concentration of surfactants was close or reach to CMC. In addition, the foaming and spreading performance of fluorocarbon surfactants decrease with the decrease of pressure, and the combination of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants is beneficial to the improvement of performance (mixed systems: foam expansion <i>E</i>>6, 25% drainage time <i>t</i><sub>25%</sub>>241 s, 1/2 defoaming time <i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>>851 s, spreading amount <i>V</i><sub>s</sub>>223 μL, spreading time <i>t</i><sub>s</sub><2 s). Further fire extinguishing experiment found that the influence of low pressure environment on fuel combustion characteristics is the key factor to determine fire extinguishing performance, while the influence of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) performance is small. And AFFF based on the environmental-friendly surfactant C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>9</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>NH(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N<sup>+</sup>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>BrCH<sub>2</sub>OH (FC-4) is an effective fire extinguishing agent under low pressure.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17083,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsde.12754\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Surfactants and Detergents","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsde.12754","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of low pressure on the properties of short-chain fluorocarbon surfactants and their application in aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent
Surface properties of three fluorocarbon surfactants with different carbon chain lengths were studied at low pressures of 94.6, 74.1 and 61.0 kPa, respectively. The results showed that the saturation adsorption capacity and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased, while the average molecular area (AS) and the surface tension at CMC (γCMC) of fluorocarbon surfactants increased with decreasing pressure. The surface tension (γ) decreased with the decrease of pressure when the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactants was low. However, γ tended to be stable and increased with the drop of pressure when the concentration of surfactants was close or reach to CMC. In addition, the foaming and spreading performance of fluorocarbon surfactants decrease with the decrease of pressure, and the combination of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants is beneficial to the improvement of performance (mixed systems: foam expansion E>6, 25% drainage time t25%>241 s, 1/2 defoaming time t1/2>851 s, spreading amount Vs>223 μL, spreading time ts<2 s). Further fire extinguishing experiment found that the influence of low pressure environment on fuel combustion characteristics is the key factor to determine fire extinguishing performance, while the influence of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) performance is small. And AFFF based on the environmental-friendly surfactant C4F9SO2NH(CH2)2N+(CH3)2CH2BrCH2OH (FC-4) is an effective fire extinguishing agent under low pressure.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, a journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) publishes scientific contributions in the surfactants and detergents area. This includes the basic and applied science of petrochemical and oleochemical surfactants, the development and performance of surfactants in all applications, as well as the development and manufacture of detergent ingredients and their formulation into finished products.