Effects of Stochastic Magnetic Noise on the SERF Co-Magnetometer

Stochastic magnetic field noise has a non-negligible negative impact on the performance of quantum precision measurement instruments such as spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometer in terms of sensitivity and stability. Conventional magnetic field error analysis and suppression methods are not applicable to stochastic magnetic field noise. In this paper, a stochastic model of the SERF co-magnetometer is proposed to analyze the mechanism of stochastic magnetic field noise. The mean and covariance propagation model of the SERF co-magnetometer is given based on the stochasticity model and statistical principles. The analysis of simulation experiments reveals that reducing the longitudinal electron spin polarization can somewhat reduce the standard deviation of the system output caused by stochastic magnetic field noise. And the atomic ensembles are most resistant to stochastic magnetic field noise when the electron spin polarization strongly couples with the nuclear spin polarization. Finally, the experiments verified the above conclusions. In conclusion, this paper provides theoretical and experimental support for analyzing and suppressing the effect of stochastic magnetic field noise on the SERF co-magnetometer, which is of great significance for improving the sensitivity and stability of the measurement.