Progress on understanding heat generation of electrical double layers

Heat is unavoidably generated during the dynamic formation and relaxation processes of the electrical double layer (EDL), affecting the performance, durability, and safety of electrochemical systems. Achieving a nuanced understanding of this heat generation is crucial for effectively addressing thermal challenges at their source. This review delivers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in comprehending the heat generation associated with EDL dynamics. Investigations using calorimetry have observed both reversible and irreversible heat in various electrode–electrolyte systems. Insights from the theories of thermodynamics and kinetics have enhanced our understanding of these processes. Moreover, recent advancements in molecular dynamics simulations have significantly enhanced this understanding, providing a more accurate microstructural viewpoint. Finally, the review identifies existing gaps in our knowledge of EDL-related heat generation and proposes areas for future research.