自闭症成人在视听时间处理方面的差异具体表现在同时性判断上。

IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Autism Research Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI:10.1002/aur.3134
Paula Regener, Naomi Heffer, Scott A. Love, Karin Petrini, Frank Pollick
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究表明,与神经正常的同龄人相比,自闭症谱系中的儿童和具有高度自闭症特征的成年人对视听不同步的敏感度较低。然而,这些证据仅限于同时性判断(SJ),这种判断要求参与者同时考虑两个线索的时间。鉴于有证据表明,时序判断(TOJ)和同时性判断所涉及的知觉和神经机制存在部分差异,同时鉴于同时性判断需要更全面的处理类型,而自闭症患者的这种处理类型可能会受损,因此我们在此询问,在视听时序处理中观察到的差异是否具有任务和刺激的特异性。我们研究了一组 26 名自闭症成年男性和一组年龄与智商匹配的神经典型男性检测视听不同步的能力。我们向受试者展示了不同程度的蜂鸣闪烁、点光鼓声和人脸声音显示,并要求受试者进行 SJ 和 TOJ。结果表明,与对照组相比,自闭症参与者检测视听不同步的能力较弱,但这种影响只针对 SJ 和更复杂的社交刺激(如脸部声音),这些刺激线索之间的语义对应性更强,需要进行更全面的处理。这表明,自闭症患者的视听时间处理一般并无不同,通过使用更局部的处理方式也能达到类似的表现水平,从而为多感官整合理论以及旨在提高该人群感知能力的多感官训练提供了参考。
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Differences in audiovisual temporal processing in autistic adults are specific to simultaneity judgments

Research has shown that children on the autism spectrum and adults with high levels of autistic traits are less sensitive to audiovisual asynchrony compared to their neurotypical peers. However, this evidence has been limited to simultaneity judgments (SJ) which require participants to consider the timing of two cues together. Given evidence of partly divergent perceptual and neural mechanisms involved in making temporal order judgments (TOJ) and SJ, and given that SJ require a more global type of processing which may be impaired in autistic individuals, here we ask whether the observed differences in audiovisual temporal processing are task and stimulus specific. We examined the ability to detect audiovisual asynchrony in a group of 26 autistic adult males and a group of age and IQ-matched neurotypical males. Participants were presented with beep-flash, point-light drumming, and face-voice displays with varying degrees of asynchrony and asked to make SJ and TOJ.

The results indicated that autistic participants were less able to detect audiovisual asynchrony compared to the control group, but this effect was specific to SJ and more complex social stimuli (e.g., face-voice) with stronger semantic correspondence between the cues, requiring a more global type of processing. This indicates that audiovisual temporal processing is not generally different in autistic individuals and that a similar level of performance could be achieved by using a more local type of processing, thus informing multisensory integration theory as well as multisensory training aimed to aid perceptual abilities in this population.

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来源期刊
Autism Research
Autism Research 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
8.50%
发文量
187
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: AUTISM RESEARCH will cover the developmental disorders known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders (or autism spectrum disorders – ASDs). The Journal focuses on basic genetic, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms and how these influence developmental processes in ASDs.
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