阿尔泰地区针叶林中汞积累的生态和地球化学特征

Elena Lyapina
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摘要

阿尔泰地区境内汞负荷水平的确定采用了树枝地球化学方法。研究区域位于阿尔泰地区西北部的库仑达平原。所研究的树木以苏格兰松树(Pinus sylvestris L.)和西伯利亚落叶松(Larix sibirica L.)为代表。所有研究树木的树芯中汞的平均浓度变化范围很大:2-493 纳克/克。最大平均含量出现在极端取样点:取样区域外围的南部和北部。研究时间跨度为 1952-2018 年。1957 年至 1990 年期间,树木年轮中的平均汞含量显著增加,此后该元素的浓度急剧下降。在 1978-1988 年的时间区间内,出现了许多极端现象。对研究区域汞负荷的地球生态参数的计算显示,树木年轮中的汞含量超过了背景值,而生物圈中的汞含量也超过了陆生植物和生物的平均值。几乎所有研究过的树木都有类似的汞在树木中积累的模式。研究发现,针叶树木芯中的汞积累与基质以及松针中的汞积累有关。松针积累的汞会影响松树落叶中该元素的浓度,从而影响基质中污染物的水平。深色栗木土壤和南部栗木土壤中生物可利用形式的汞比例较高。在积累某种元素时,重要的是要考虑到全年和生长季节的降水量和持续时间。
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Ecological and geochemical features of mercury accumulation in coniferous wood in the Altai Region
Determination of the level of mercury load on the territory of the Altai Region was carried out using the dendrogeochemistry method. The study area is located in the north-west of the Altai Region within the Kulunda Plain. The studied trees were represented by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and siberian larch (Larix sibirica L.). The average concentrations of mercury in the cores of all studied trees vary in a wide range: 2-493 ng/g. The maximum average contents are observed at the extreme sampling points: south and north - on the periphery of the sampling area. The research covers the time interval: 1952-2018. There is a period with a significant increase in the average mercury content in tree rings from 1957 to 1990, after which there was a sharp decrease in the concentration of the element. Numerous extremes are observed in the interval: 1978-1988. Calculations of geoecological parameters of mercury load in the study area showed an excess of mercury content in tree rings above background values, as well as the noosphere clarke, average for terrestrial plants and living matter. Almost all studied trees are characterized by a similar pattern of mercury accumulation in trees. A connection was revealed in the accumulation of mercury in wood cores of coniferous trees with the substrate, as well as pine needles. Mercury accumulated by pine needles affects the concentration of the element in the pine litter, and thereby the level of pollutant in the substrate. A high proportion of bioavailable forms of mercury in dark chestnut soils and southern chernozems. When accumulating an element, it is important to take into account the amount and duration of precipitation both during the year and during the growing season.
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