D. Miller, J. Jacobs, Alan Rockefeller, Harte Singer, Ian M. Bollinger, James Conway, Jason C. Slot, David E. Cliffel
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引用次数: 0
摘要
Psilocybe zapotecorum 是一种强烈发蓝的迷幻蘑菇,被墨西哥东南部和其他地区的土著群体使用。虽然该物种在仪式上使用的历史悠久,但对其化学和遗传学的研究却很有限。在此,我们报告了 P. zapotecorum 的蘑菇形态、栽培参数、化学特征和全基因组序列。首先,我们详细介绍了简单且可重复的生长和克隆方法。结合高分辨率显微镜分析,我们通过 DNA 条形码鉴定了该菌株,证实了实地鉴定结果。全基因组测序揭示了 P. zapotecorum 的迷幻药基因簇结构,可作为 Psilocybe 支系 I 的参考基因组。7 mg/g,范围为 10.6-25.7 mg/g(n = 7),类似的色胺(psilocin、baeocystin、norbaeocystin、norpsilocin、aeruginascin 和 4-HO-tryptamine )浓度较低,色胺总浓度为 22.5 ± 3.2 mg/g。这些结果表明,P. zapotecorum 是一种强效且化学性质多变的 Psilocybe 蘑菇。化学分析、基因分析和栽培有助于揭开这些蘑菇的神秘面纱。随着银环蛇毒素临床研究的进展,对银环蛇蘑菇多样性的了解将扩展到分子以外的领域。
Cultivation, chemistry, and genome of Psilocybe zapotecorum
Psilocybe zapotecorum is a strongly blue-bruising psilocybin mushroom used by indigenous groups in southeastern Mexico and beyond. While this species has a rich history of ceremonial use, research into its chemistry and genetics has been limited. Herein, we report on mushroom morphology, cultivation parameters, chemical profile, and the full genome sequence of P. zapotecorum. First, we detail growth and cloning methods that are simple, and reproducible. In combination with high resolution microscopic analysis, the strain was identified by DNA barcoding, confirming the field identification. Full genome sequencing reveals the architecture of the psilocybin gene cluster in P. zapotecorum, and can serve as a reference genome for Psilocybe clade I. Characterization of the tryptamine profile revealed a psilocybin concentration of 17.9 ± 1.7 mg/g, with a range of 10.6–25.7 mg/g (n = 7), and similar tryptamines (psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, norpsilocin, aeruginascin, and 4-HO-tryptamine) in lesser concentrations for a combined tryptamine concentration of 22.5 ± 3.2 mg/g. These results show P. zapotecorum to be a potent and chemically variable Psilocybe mushroom. Chemical profiling, genetic analysis, and cultivation assist in demystifying these mushrooms. As clinical studies with psilocybin gain traction, understanding the diversity of Psilocybe expands the conversation beyond the molecule.