Parallel observations process of Tianwen-1 orbit determination

To meet various requirements of the future deep space missions of China, State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics constructs a new orbit determinatin software with parallel observations process. By using 32 threads, the computational efficiency per iteration (including spacecraft’s integration) could be promoted to 10 times as that of single-threaded orbit determination. Suppose the number of observations is p p , the number of estimated parameters (including spacecraft’s state) is q q , the amount of computation of one observation is x x , the amount of computation of one Givens transformation is y y and the best number of threads is proved to be [ p ⋅ ( x + y ) / ( q ⋅ y ) ] 1 / 2 {\left[p\cdot \left(x+y)\text{/}\left(q\cdot y)]}^{1\text{/}2} for one-step threads combination. The root mean square of the postfit residuals of China’s deep space monitoring network (CDSMN) and China’s Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) network (CVN) observations in the Earth-Mars transfer phase and the Mars-orbiting phase are almost the same: about 0.3 m for Ranging, about 0.3 mm/s for Doppler, about 3 cm for VLBI delay and about 0.5 mm/s for VLBI delay rate. It is also found that all the four types of observations of CDSMN and CVN are needed in orbit determination for deep space maneuver and braking at periareion calculation. In the Mars-orbiting phase, the position accuracy after orbit determination under CDSMN-only tracking mode can reach about 1 km.