Vibrational Stresses in the Last-Stage Blades of a Powerful Steam Turbine Under Kinematic Excitation Of Oscillations. Part 1. Investigation of Cyclic-Symmetric Systems

The influence of kinematic excitation of rotor vibrations of a powerful steam turbine without and with disturbance of blade vibration frequencies on the extension of their trouble-free operation is evaluated. The results of determining the maximum equivalent stresses of the blades under the condition of power and kinematic excitation of stationary oscillations are presented. A system with cyclic symmetry is considered. The three-dimensional finite element models of the disk–blade system and the corresponding mathematical support for calculating stationary harmonic oscillations are used. Computational studies to determine the maximum equivalent stresses of the blades were carried out under the condition of simultaneous action of power excitation of oscillations from the steam flow with a frequency of the forcing force of 2100 Hz (with the number of guide blades of 42) and kinematic excitation due to rotor vibration on sliding bearings with a frequency of 50 Hz. The load from the steam flow on each blade was set to be linearly variable from zero at the root to 1 kPa and 5 kPa at the apex, as well as a uniformly distributed 2.5 kPa along the blade, acting normally at points on their working surface. The kinematic excitation was set as an ellipse describing the motion of the disk center in its plane. It is assumed that the physical and mechanical properties of the blade material are preserved after their repair and surface treatment. The change in the maximum equivalent stresses for different variants of blade loading in a cyclic-symmetric disk–blade system under kinematic excitation of oscillations is evaluated. The obtained results are compared with the data for the system with all damaged blades after restorative repair in their lower part under the condition of kinematic excitation of vibrations and without repair. These results confirm the practicality of assessing the stress state of the last stage blades of a powerful steam turbine, considering the disk–blade system’s kinematic excitation when determining their operation’s reliability.