丁草胺在中华绒螯蟹幼体中的毒性、氧化应激和组织分布

Fishes Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI:10.3390/fishes9050177
Song Wu, Peng Wang, Ying Zhang, Li Huang, Qirui Hao, Lei Gao, Dongli Qin, Xiaoli Huang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)是中国最具商业价值的甲壳类物种之一。本研究旨在描述丁草胺(一种乙酰苯胺类除草剂)对中华绒螯蟹幼体的毒性作用。通过半静态体外实验评估了丁草胺对中华绒螯蟹幼体标本的致死效应和急性毒性。我们测定了幼蟹短期暴露于丁草胺 14 天后不同时间点的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,以及鳃和肝胰腺中谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)的水平。此外,我们还对幼蟹三个不同组织(鳃、肝胰脏和肌肉)中的丁草胺残留水平进行了长期测量。我们的研究结果表明,丁草胺对中华绒螯蟹幼体有剧毒。事实上,丁草胺在24、48、72和96小时的致死浓度(LC50)中值分别为4.22、1.84、0.34和0.14毫克/升,而安全浓度为0.014毫克/升。暴露于浓度为 0.01 mg/L 的丁草胺除草剂后,中华绒螯蟹幼体对丁草胺的抗氧化防御能力被激发。丁草胺浓度为0.04和0.16 mg/L时,接触14天后,发现SOD和CAT均受到显著抑制(p < 0.05),GSH水平显著下降(p < 0.05),MDA水平显著升高(p < 0.05)。此外,暴露于 0.16 mg/L 的丁草胺 14 天后,发现肝胰腺中 SOD 和 CAT 的活性以及 GSH 的含量明显降低(p < 0.05)。我们的研究结果表明,高浓度的丁草胺能够诱导中华绒螯蟹幼体产生氧化应激和损伤。丁草胺的最大残留值出现在鳃中,含量为 4.56 μg/kg。24 天后,在幼蟹的上述三种组织中均未检测到丁草胺,这表明丁草胺已被有效代谢。
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Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Tissue Distribution of Butachlor in the Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is one of the most commercially important crustacean species in China. The aim of this study was to characterize the toxic effects of butachlor (an herbicide of the acetanilide class) on juvenile E. sinensis crabs. The lethal effects and the acute toxicity of butachlor on juvenile E. sinensis specimens were assessed through a semi-static in vitro experiment. We determined the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the gills and the hepatopancreas of the juvenile crabs, at different time points over a 14-day short-term exposure to butachlor. Moreover, we measured the residual levels of butachlor in three different tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and muscles) of the juvenile crabs over a longer period. Our findings revealed that butachlor is highly toxic for juvenile E. sinensis crabs. In fact, the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of butachlor at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were found to be 4.22, 1.84, 0.34, and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, while the safe concentration was 0.014 mg/L. The antioxidant defense ability of the juvenile E. sinensis crabs against butachlor was induced after exposure to the herbicide at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L. After 14 days of exposure to butachlor at 0.04 and 0.16 mg/L, both SOD and CAT were found to be significantly inhibited (p < 0.05), the GSH levels were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the MDA levels were identified as significantly increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, after 14 days of exposure to butachlor at 0.16 mg/L, the activities of SOD and CAT as well as the content of GSH in the hepatopancreas were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that a high concentration of butachlor was capable of inducing oxidative stress and damage in juvenile E. sinensis crabs. The maximal residual value of butachlor was obtained in the gills, with a content of 4.56 μg/kg. Butachlor was not detected after 24 days in the aforementioned three tissues of the juvenile crabs, thereby indicating that it was effectively metabolized.
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