联合国大会第76/262号决议加强了对联合国安理会使用否决权的集体反应

Valentyn Serdiuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文介绍了联合国大会于 2022 年 4 月 26 日通过的题为 "在安全理事会投否决票时举行大会辩论的长期任务 "的第 76/262 号决议(A/76/L.52)的法律性质。我们对这一主题进行分析,是因为它具有现实意义,而且联合国大会出现了一个新的程序,旨在提高联合国安全理事会的透明度和问责制,因为安全理事会在当今世界所处的危机中活动不力,特别是由于乌克兰和中东的武装冲突,导致了复杂的人道主义后果。长期以来,许多国家和科学家一直对安理会改革问题表示关注。我们对该决议进行了深入研究,这是长期以来的第一份决议,也是一份重要的法律文书,它改变了联合国现有的运作机制,并重新引发了关于是否需要根据 2008 年 12 月 15 日第 62/557 号决议对安全理事会进行全面改革的讨论。本文旨在概述新的第 76/262 号决议,即通过该决议的原因和适宜性、适用案例及其在现代条件下的有效性。研究的方法论基础是以下认知法律现象的一般科学方法和特殊方法:哲学层面的方法--辩证法;经验方法--比较法、观察法和描述法;一般逻辑方法--分析法、综合法;特殊法律方法。文章分析了第 76/262 号决议的主要条款、通过该决议的原因,研究了其应用案例,并就该决议的有效性得出结论。我们区分了第 76/262 号决议 "当安全理事会投否决票时大会辩论的常设任务 "和第 377 (V) 号决议 "联合一致共策和平 "所规定的程序。我们回顾了必须执行该决议的国际法律概念基础。在当前世界安全危机的背景下改革联合国的课题非常重要,国内科学家有必要进一步研 究,以便在乌克兰现代国际公法科学中提出自己的建议、方法和科学依据,并在这方面对社 会进行科学启蒙。
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UN General Assembly Resolution 76/262 as a strengthening of the collective response to the use of the veto right in the UN Security Council
The article describes the legal nature of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 76/262 (A/76/L.52) entitled "Standing mandate for a General Assembly debate when a veto is cast in the Security Council", adopted on April 26, 2022. We have analyzed this topic due to its relevance and the emergence of a new procedure of the United Nations General Assembly, aimed at increasing of the transparency and accountability of the United Nations Security Council, as a result of the ineffective activity of the Security Council in crisis in which our world finds itself today, in particular due to armed conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, which have led to complex humanitarian consequences. Many states and scientists have been expressing their interest in the issue of Security Council reform for a long time. We deeply researched the Resolution which is the first in a long time and a significant legal instrument that changes the existing mechanism of the functioning of the United Nations and has revived the discussions on the need for a complete reform of the Security Council in accordance with Resolution 62/557 of December 15, 2008. The purpose of the article is an overview of the new Resolution 76/262, namely the reasons and expediency of its adoption, cases of application and its effectiveness in modern conditions. The methodological basis of the study are the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena: the method of the philosophical level – the dialectical method; empirical methods – comparative, observation and description methods; general logical methods – analysis, synthesis; specially-legal method. The article analyzes the main provisions of Resolution 76/262, the reasons for its adoption, examines cases of its application, and draws conclusions about the effectiveness of this resolution. We have differentiated the procedures provided for by Resolution 76/262 "Standing mandate for a General Assembly debate when a veto is cast in the Security Council" and Resolution 377 (V) "Uniting for Peace". We have reviewed the international legal conceptual foundations of the need to apply the resolution. The topic of reforming the United Nations against the backdrop of the current world security crisis is very important and relevant for further research by domestic scientists in order to formulate their own proposals, approaches and scientific justifications in the modern Ukrainian science of international public law, as well as for the scientific enlightenment of society in this of knowledge.
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