Evaluation of sediment contamination by macro and microplastics in coastal waters of Southern Mediterranean: a case study of Annaba, Algeria, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Plastic pollution in the hydrosphere ranks among the most pervasive environmental issues since the inception of the plastic industry and its widespread use in our daily lives. Nowadays, numerous countries worldwide suffer from this pollution not only along coastlines but also in deep-sea ecosystems. Our study carried out in the Gulf of Annaba aims to assess the prevalence and spatial distribution of plastic waste. Sampling was conducted at four coastal sites: El Battah, Seybousse, Rizzi Amor, and Ain Achir, both before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The results reveal varying rates of macro and microplastic contamination, influenced by geographical differences, urban activities, and hydrodynamic factors. Moreover, the proportions of contamination depend on the types of waste. Furthermore, our study showed a clear divergence, particularly in two periods before and after the pandemic. Due to the lockdown, implemented in 2020, there was a marked decrease in the percentage of sediment plastic pollution, attributed to reduced human activity and partial cessation of industrial operations in these areas.