Visual information and the development/control of myopia: Insights from nonhuman primate experiences

Over the past few decades, primarily by animal studies, correspondingly reinforced by epidemiological, clinical studies and controlled trials, researchers have identified that visual feedback regulates eye refractive developments, with visual image alterations being the most influential myopiagenic environmental factor. This article reviews studies using nonhuman primates to investigate visual risk factors for myopia development and evaluates and summarizes which visual factors contribute to the occurrence and progression of myopia. The possible underlying myopiagenic mechanisms and related myopia prevention/control strategies are also discussed.