IgA 对早期检测 SARS-CoV-2 感染的潜在作用:与 IgM 的比较

Polish journal of microbiology Pub Date : 2024-06-20 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI:10.33073/pjm-2024-019
Pei Wang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

血清学检测可以与核酸检测一起成为及时诊断严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)感染的有力补充方法。与 IgM 和 IgG 抗体相比,免疫球蛋白 (Ig) A 抗体较少用于检测 SARS-CoV-2 感染,尽管 IgA 抗体在针对 SARS-CoV-2 的保护性免疫中发挥着重要作用。本综述讨论了 IgA 和 IgM 抗体在动力学和检测性能方面的差异,以及影响抗体反应的因素。它强调了分析 IgA 抗体对早期检测 SARS-CoV-2 感染的潜在作用。IgA 的早期出现和基于 IgA 的免疫测定的高灵敏度有助于 2019 年冠状病毒疾病的诊断。然而,由于存在交叉反应,必须认识到早期检测针对尖峰抗原的 SARS-CoV-2 IgA 抗体仅具有中等特异性。无论是分析针对核壳抗原的抗体,还是将针对核壳抗原和尖峰抗原的抗体结合起来,都可能提高血清学评估的准确性。
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Potential Usefulness of IgA for the Early Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Comparison With IgM.

Serological testing can be a powerful complementary approach to achieve timely diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, along with nucleic acid detection. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibodies are less frequently utilized to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection than IgM and IgG antibodies, even though IgA antibodies play an important role in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. This review discusses the differences in kinetics and assay performance between IgA and IgM antibodies and the factors influencing antibody responses. It highlights the potential usefulness of analyzing IgA antibodies for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The early appearance of IgA and the high sensitivity of IgA-based immunoassays can aid in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019. However, because of cross-reactivity, it is important to recognize the only moderate specificity of the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies against spike antigens. Either the analysis of antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid antigen or a combination of antibodies against the nucleocapsid and spike antigens may strengthen the accuracy of serological evaluation.

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