穿越时空的拖网:为近海渔业科学调查重建 19 世纪晚期的梁式拖网

IF 2.2 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Maritime Studies Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI:10.1007/s40152-024-00371-3
Georgina L. Hunt, Georg H. Engelhard, John K. Pinnegar, Benjamin D. Wigham, Nicholas V. C. Polunin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

了解鱼类种群的长期变化往往依赖于比较历史和当代拖网调查的渔获量。然而,这种比较可能无法解决与渔具及其相对捕获能力差异有关的偏差。通过复制历史上的拖网渔具和做法,可以减少这些不确定性。利用独特的历史渔获量数据,我们调查了诺森伯兰海洋渔业委员会(NSFC)于 1892-1913 年间在诺森伯兰海岸(英国)近海水域进行科学调查时使用的拖网渔具,并介绍了我们利用现有材料重建该渔具的尝试。我们查阅了历史文献、照片并获得了专业技术知识,重建了 19 世纪晚期 NSFC 使用的束拖网。仿制渔具包括一个 6.7 米长的横梁,由两个 Brixham 式锻铁拖网头连接,拖网头张开一个三角形的拖网,拖网上有圆形地绳。建造完成后,我们在 2018 年 8 月和 2019 年 3 月使用现代水獭拖网进行了对比拖网,测试了仿制渔具的性能和可捕获性。在 8 月份的试验中,两种拖网都表现出了相似的鲽鱼捕获量,但在 3 月份,獭拖网捕获的个体比例更高。在此期间,仿制渔具的渔获量为零或可以忽略不计。这项工作整理了相关信息,描述了 19 世纪晚期在不列颠群岛使用的梁式拖网的演变、设计和功能,为对拖网技术和调查设计感兴趣的研究人员提供了一个重要的资料库。
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Trawling through time: reconstructing a late nineteenth century beam trawl for scientific inshore fishery investigations

Understanding long-term change in fish populations often relies on comparing catches from historical and contemporary trawl surveys. However, such comparisons may not resolve biases associated with differences in fishing gears and their relative catchabilities. It is possible to reduce these uncertainties by replicating historical trawl gear and practices. With the availability of unique historical catch data, we investigated the trawl gear employed by the Northumberland Sea Fisheries Committee (NSFC) during scientific surveys conducted between 1892–1913 in inshore waters of the Northumberland coast (UK), and describe our attempt to reconstruct the gear using currently available materials. We reviewed the historical literature, photographs and acquired technical expertise to reconstruct a late nineteenth century beam trawl used by the NSFC. The replica gear consisted of a 6.7 m beam connected by two Brixham style wrought-iron trawl heads, which held open a triangular-shaped trawl net with rounded ground-rope. Following construction, we tested the performance and catchability of the replica gear by conducting comparative trawls using a modern otter trawl in August 2018 and March 2019. Both trawl gears exhibited similar catches for flatfish in August trials, yet a higher proportion of individuals were landed by the otter trawl in March. Zero or negligible catches were exhibited by the replica gear during this period. This work collates relevant information to describe the evolution, design and functioning of late nineteenth century beam trawls used around the British Isles, providing an important repository for investigators interested in trawl technology and survey designs.

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来源期刊
Maritime Studies
Maritime Studies ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
11.80%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: Maritime Studies is an international peer-reviewed journal on the social dimensions of coastal and marine issues throughout the world. The journal is a venue for theoretical and empirical research relevant to a wide range of academic social science disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, geography, history and political science. Space is especially given to develop academic concepts and debate. We invite original research papers, reviews and viewpoints and welcome proposals for special issues that make a distinctive contribution to contemporary discussion around maritime and coastal use, development and governance. The journal provides a rigorous but constructive review process and rapid publication, and is accessible to new researchers, including postgraduate students and early career academics.
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