Revolutionizing agri-food supply chain management with blockchain-based traceability and navigation integration

In the modern, ever-shifting global agri-food environment, the topmost concern revolves around securing the safety, quality, and authenticity of agri-food products. Blockchain technology is being seen as a revolutionary solution for dealing with these issues, providing a decentralized and transparent ledger for the tracking of agri-food products. By incorporating global positioning system and navigation systems within blockchain-based traceability solutions amplifies the capabilities for real-time monitoring, security, and trust. This paper proposes a layered architecture for an efficient agri-food traceability system. The data layer, manages interactions between various entities in the supply chain management and generates agri-food product-related data. The blockchain layer manages data via transactions and smart contracts, using the interplanetary file system for secure, decentralized storage. The navigation layer, combines navigation with Indian constellation and global positioning system to offer precise real-time positioning and timing services, enhancing product tracking. This integrated approach not only improves food safety but also supports sustainability efforts by reducing food waste and bolstering consumer trust in the agri-food industry. We implement the proposed system using Remix IDE, MetaMask wallet, and the Sepolia test network, summarizing the deployment analysis. Performance evaluation is conducted using the JMeter simulation toolkit.The proposed framework achieves an average throughput of 329.26 transactions per second, latency of 49.3 ms, and response time of 87.9 ms. We conduct a comparative evaluation of the proposed system with related studies. From this comparative analysis, we observed that our proposed framework has better features than other related works.