优化商用疏水涂料在天然石材保护和保存中的应用

Heritage Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.3390/heritage7070165
Hurraira Hashim, Luís Dias, Sérgio Martins, Vera Pires, Mafalda Costa, P. Barrulas
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摘要

世界各地的考古和历史遗产建设都使用了天然石材。然而,石材的保存仍然受到风化和退化现象的威胁。人们普遍认为水是导致石材退化的最具威胁性的外部成分,因此更有必要开发疏水保护涂层来消除水的渗透。本研究旨在通过研究涂层和石材基底温度以及涂层应用次数对商用疏水涂层的有效性、兼容性和耐久性的影响,帮助人们更好地理解天然石材处理策略,以防止水的渗透和随后的石材改变。研究结果表明,虽然涂刷次数越多,涂层的疏水效果越好,但这往往会导致天然石材的外观发生变化,包括基材原有色调的变白和变暗。在室温条件下对天然石材基底进行 4 °C涂敷时,也能提高疏水效果(最大增益≈ 9%),而这种条件在实际生活中是可行的。此外,由硅烷/硅氧烷和改性氟化添加剂组成的商用涂料被认为是最有效、最持久的疏水性解决方案。
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Optimization of the Application of Commercial Hydrophobic Coatings for Natural Stone Protection and Preservation
Natural stone has been used worldwide in the construction of archaeological and historical heritage. However, its preservation continues to be threatened by weathering and degradation phenomena. Water is widely recognized as the most threatening external component that contributes to stone deterioration, increasing the need for the development of protective hydrophobic coatings to eliminate water penetration. This study intends to contribute to the better understanding of natural stone treatment strategies to prevent water penetration and subsequent stone alteration by studying the effect of coating and stone substrate temperatures, and the number of coating applications, on the effectiveness, compatibility, and durability of commercial hydrophobic coatings. The results obtained revealed that while more than one application increases coating hydrophobic effectiveness, it frequently leads to changes in the aesthetic appearance of natural stone, including whitening and darkening of the substrate’s original hues. Improved hydrophobic effectiveness (maximum gain of ≈ 9%) is also achieved when applying the commercial coatings at 4 °C to natural stone substrates maintained at room temperature, conditions that are feasible to be used in real life. Additionally, the commercial coating composed of silane/siloxane with modified fluorinated additives was found to be the most effective and durable hydrophobic solution.
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